Ice house. Novel (1835)

St. Petersburg in the winter of 1739 // 40: snowy mounds, desolation. Empress Anna Ioannovna, although she goes out and does business, noticeably fades away day by day. Biron, Duke of Courland, clears his place as ruler. Cabinet Minister and Chief Jägermeister Artemy Petrovich Volynskoy, Governor Perokin, Privy Councilor Shchurkhov and Count Sumin-Kupshin are waiting for an opportunity to overthrow the temporary worker.

On Thursday of Holy Week, in the house of Cabinet Minister Volynsky, preparations are underway for Maslenitsa games, which he has been instructed to organize by the empress. In front of the owner of the house and his secretary Zuda, lines of pairs of representatives of the peoples living in Russia pass, among whom there is not enough Little Russian. The woman from the gypsy couple amazes the owner with her resemblance to the Empress’s favorite maiden, the Moldavian princess Marioritsa Lelemiko. The gypsy's name is Mariula, she is the mother of Marioritsa, who does not know about her origin. Left alone with Volynsky, the gypsy denies her relationship with the princess, but agrees to assist the owner in getting closer to Mazdet and changing the empress to Biron. His secretary Zuda warns the owner to enter into a fight with the duke, and he and his servant steal Gordenka’s corpse. An anonymous assistant conveys the original denunciation of the Little Russian, although before that, for the success of discovering this paper, Lipman’s nephew Eichler was appointed by Biron to the cabinet secretaries.

Another passion of the married Volynsky is the eighteen-year-old Princess Marioritsa Lelemiko. The daughter of a Moldavian prince, having lost her father and mother from an early age, she fell into the inheritance of the Pasha of Khotyn, but after the capture of Khotyn by the Russians, Marioritsa was entrusted to the mercy of the empress. The fatalism with which the princess was imbued from childhood suggests that at birth she was destined to love Volynsky.

The Cabinet Minister in every possible way - through a gypsy who demands a promise from an imaginary widower to marry an orphan, through the conceited teacher Marioritsa Trediakovsky - writes to Princess Lelemiko, hiding from her that he is married. The duke, spreading rumors about the death of Volynsky's wife and detaining her for a while in Moscow, fuels a love affair with the Moldavian princess. Biron found the weak heel of this "Achilles", because the Empress would not breathe on the girl. Therefore, the duke allows the fortune-teller the entrance to the palace to the princess, and the lovers - correspondence.

Foreigners at court begin to fear the Russian party, on the side of which the Empress increasingly takes her side. Volynsky's latest dispute with Biron raises a storm in the presence of Count Munnich, who favors the Cabinet Minister, and Vice-Chancellor Osterman, who plays an ambiguous role in the struggle of rivals. The main differences arise from Poland's claims for rewards for the passage of Russian troops through its possessions: Biron considers them fair, and Volynsky boldly believes that only a vassal of Poland can have such an opinion. "I or he must die!" - repeats the raging Biron after the departure of the enemy. But then he learns that Gordenka's body has been stolen.

Volynsky, after a quarrel, rushes to the palace in the hope of seeing his beloved, where he finds her playing billiards with Anna Ioannovna. They are besieged by a string of jesters, among whom there is a party of foreigners and Russians. The empress is angry with Biron today. Biron, who arrived, discusses jesters: he proposes Kulkovskiy Podachkin as a bride (Zuda suspects her), - Volynskaya is surprised by the fame of his lordly mistress. Then the duke hints to her majesty about persons who are married and hide it. The jester-Italian Pedrillo comes to the aid of Biron: it was he who seduced the girl from the palace. Anna Ioannovna is beside herself with anger He completes repentance: she is his wife, the daughter of a court goat, gave birth yesterday and everyone is invited to their homeland. The empress laughs from the bottom of her heart.

Meanwhile, next to the Admiralty and the Winter Palace stood a marvelous ice palace. At night, when illuminated, the empress, and with her all of Petersburg, go to inspect the miracle. She is very pleased with Volynsky, Biron falls out of favor. The Russian party is triumphant. When, having examined the whole house, the empress leaves, a thick fog falls on the ground. Frightened, she turns back, looking for Volynsky, but he is nowhere to be found. Biron manages to take advantage of this opportunity and again rises from the crafty slave as a daring master. Artemy Petrovich was at that moment near Marioritsa. That same night, the triumphant duke does everything so that the palace witnesses find the cabinet minister in the room of Marioritsa.

The Duke no longer requires Mariula's services, and the gypsy is not allowed into the palace. Podachkina informs the unhappy mother that Volynsky is married. Mariula rushes to the cabinet minister and sobs, begs, and accuses him. Shamed by her, Volynsky composes a letter to the princess in which he reveals the truth about himself. Distraught with grief, Mariula, trying to protect her daughter, is also forced to reveal her secret to Marioritsa.

Volynsky's allies Shchurkhov, Perokin and Sumin-Kupshin come to the buffoon's homeland of the goat in order to tell the empress the truth about the burden placed on Russia by her Courland favorite. The attempt failed - they are taken under arrest in the fortress.

Zuda is sure: from Marioritsa’s love you can build a staircase even to heaven. To save the head of her lover, he takes Princess Lelemiko, whom Anna Ioannovna values ​​beyond measure, as an accomplice. She transfers Gordenka’s papers to the empress in secret from Biron, thereby returning the autocratic trust to Volynsky’s friends. The time comes for the jester’s appointed wedding in the ice house. On this day, the empress is very cheerful, as if consoled by the victory over her favorite. The hour has come: Volynsky’s secret ally, Lipman’s nephew Eichler, reveals himself about Biron’s insidious plans to the empress herself, and she, convinced by the eloquence of his heart, orders a decision with the Poles in the opinion of the cabinet minister. By evening, the whole city will know about Biron’s disgrace.

Volynsky's wife returns from Moscow with joy - she carries her future son under her heart. But the empress wants, having upset this marriage, to give Marioritsa for Artemy Petrovich. Incurring disgrace, the Cabinet Minister refuses. Marioritsa decides to sacrifice herself for the good of Volynsky: she writes a letter to the empress, in which she reveals her gypsy origin - Volynsky cannot marry her; further she slanders Biron and herself. After that, the princess impatiently waits for dear Artemy for the last meeting, in excitement asks for a drink. The maid brings her a poisoned drink. From excitement, Marioritsa does not notice anything. Here is her Artemy, here is the threshold of the ice house, her hour is coming, for the sake of which she came into the world: she belongs to him. Returning from a date, the princess dies.

Marioritsa's letter to the empress was not found. Volynsky was taken into custody. The affairs of state have risen. Osterman and others explain to Anna Ioannovna that only the Duke of Courland can save the state.

At the end of Volynsky’s trial, Biron brings the empress a choice of two death sentences: Volynsky’s party and himself. The half-dying empress signs the death warrant for her cabinet minister. All of Artemy Petrovich’s comrades-in-arms, including Eichler, find themselves at the execution site, awaiting execution - almost all that was noble in St. Petersburg. They all accept death with firmness.

The ice house collapsed, and the inhabitants carried the surviving ice floes to the cellars.

Author of the retelling: M. G. Obizhaeva

Basurman. Novel (1838)

The events of the novel begin with the farewell to Muscovy of Anton Ehrenstein, a baron by birth, invited as a doctor to Grand Duke John III. But how did the son of a nobleman happen to become a doctor in the 15th century, when “the Inquisition fried these worldwide pariahs in the thousands”?

Long before that day, in Rome, during the laying ceremony of St. Peter's Cathedral, the German baron undeservedly humiliated the doctor Antonio Fioaventi. Three years later, fate brought a talented doctor to the house of his offender at an hour when the main person of the story, the son of a baron, could not manage, although the time had already come, to be born. Obsessed with revenge, the Italian demanded from Baron Erenstein an oath to link the fate of the first-born with the doctor's craft, which humiliated the nobleman. The medical genius of Fioaventi was the last hope of the unfortunate husband, and the fear of losing his beautiful wife forced the baron to take an oath. A few minutes later, Mrs. Ehrenstein had a son, and she, suspecting nothing, in gratitude to the doctor gave him the name Anton.

A year later, the parents with tears gave their child to Fioaventi. The arrogant baron out of ambition completely abandoned his son - the boy was informed of the death of his father. Mother, on the contrary, devoted her whole life to the dear exile: after all, he expressed in all his actions the loftiness of feelings and some kind of chivalrous courage. So, once in Prague, schoolchildren hunted a Jew with dogs. Seeing this, Anton rushed at the huge dogs, knocked them dead with a dagger, and beat the schoolchildren.

In the twenty-fifth year, young Ehrenstein completed his medical course at the University of Padua, and Fioaventi's vengeance was satisfied. Anton traveled around Italy, took anatomy lessons from Leonardo da Vinci. The portrait of our hero remained in the images of heavenly messengers on the canvases of the artist, who was shocked by the combination on the face of a young man of spiritual beauty with outward beauty. But in enlightened Italy, Anton saw "bonfires, daggers and poison at every step, everywhere indignation, abuse of humanity, the triumph of stupid mob and depraved power."

On the contrary, in the letters of Aristotle Fioaventi, the brother of his tutor, the famous architect, who was at the court of the Moscow prince, Russia was described, a wild country, but reviving. Perhaps Sophia Palaiologos indicated to her royal husband the means to realize the ideas of the outward grandeur of the city, while plans for the unification of the Russian lands were floating in the head and heart of John III, and European masters went in a crowd to the call of Moscow. And the young Erenstein, having learned about the request of the architect to find a doctor for the prince, a hunter in a little-known country, decided with ardor to go to Muscovy.

At the entrance, the capital of the Grand Duchy presents the doctor with an ugly pile of houses in the bristles of the forest and greets the foreigner with the burning of the agreed Lithuanians timed to coincide with his arrival. The inhabitants are shy of the sorcerer, and at first Anton, who came to put a few mites in the treasury of sciences, has to remove the pip from the prince's parrot and make a clownish review of the courtier's languages.

Moreover, the insidious boyars Rusalka and Mamon advised the sovereign to place a Latin teacher in the house of the governor Simsky, nicknamed Sample. He hates the filthy Germans with all the strength of his stern soul; he cannot forgive them for the death that overtook his beloved son in front of his father’s eyes in a battle against the Livonians. The governor also has another son, Ivan Khabar-Simskoy, who spends remarkable courage and a wild life, and a wondrous beauty daughter, Anastasia, whom the old man protects from the evil eye in the mansion. The model welcomes Aristotle Fioraventi and his son Andryusha, baptized according to the Orthodox rite, the wanderer Afanasy Nikitin, and is separated from the non-religious guest by a blank wall. But his daughter, once looking out of the window at the terrible infidel, felt some kind of pleasure of deceived fear, never experienced before.

Aristotle lovingly accepts his brother's named son. The dreamer himself, who decided on the edge of Europe to erect a temple of gigantic size to the Mother of God, he pours cannons and bells for the prince of Moscow, and burns bricks until the time. The architect helps Anton not to lose heart among the baby people. Anton the doctor every day more and more enters into the grace of the Grand Duke.

On the Annunciation, in the window in front of Erenstein, a wonderful outline of Anastasia's face and a fiery look flashed. Since that time, with her name, he glorifies nature, humanity, God.

John III concentrates the forces of Russia. Tver separates it from the northern regions. By political cunning and military force, John is preparing to destroy this barrier. He proposes to entrust the army to the conqueror of Novgorod, Prince Kholmsky. But at night, Anton's friend Obraztsya escapes from prison, namely Prince Kholmsky, who refused to go against his homeland. This incident violates the border in the house, which separated the Orthodox half from the infidels.

Khabar soon asks Anton to help his beloved, who was tried to poison by a rival. The beautiful Gaida - the concubine of the weak and boastful Andrei Palaiologos - was saved by the power of medical potions. For that, the brother of the Grand Duchess presents the doctor with a golden chain. Remembering his poor mother, Anton accepts the gift. But at the feast that followed, the intoxicated Paleolog defames the Russian land. Swag slaps him; Anton throws the gift back at the feet of the last Byzantine.

Having learned about the incident, Ivan Vasilyevich orders the boyar Mamon to give Khabar a hundred rubles and bow three times at his feet. Mamon hates the Sample and his household for a long-standing refusal to marry Anastasia to his son. Having come to Khabar, the boyar, terrible in his revenge, gives the prince's money and insults the enemy. Swag causes Mamon to fight to the death. John ordered the "field" to be not before the regiments return from Tver. Let's anticipate events: the battle, like God's judgment, will take place, Mamon will be defeated, but Khabar will not take the enemy's life.

Anastasia no longer defends herself against what she previously considered charm. With Andryusha, she gives the sorcerer the most precious thing she has - a pectoral cross: if she puts it on, she will be saved in the next world from burning tar. The precious gift is joyful to Anton, but, fearing to destroy the soul of his beloved with notoriety, he tenderly returns the vest.

On the eve of the campaign, the ambassador of Frederick III, Nikolai Poppel, the adopted son of Baron Erenstein, arrives in Moscow. He brought a proposal from his master to invite Ivan III to the kings. But an equal does not favor an equal. The knight Poppel has an assignment from his father: to assure the sovereign that Anton the doctor appropriated for himself the autocratic title of nobility, so famous in Germany.

The day came for the army to march on Tver. Voivode Khabar leads a detachment of scouts. Aristotle rules firearms. The storyteller Afanasy Nikitin is led in chains - he, a native of Tver, knows every bush there. And the court physician was ordered to mount a horse and accompany the conqueror. In that campaign, he, along with Khabar, will be able to distinguish himself in the capture of the Tver prince. Their sortie will save the city from ruin - the brother-in-law of Ivan Vasilyevich, the prince of Tver, will open the city gates in peace. The German will return from the campaign in Russian dress - he wants to earn the trust of the Russians.

The army returns to Moscow with victory. Anton ascends to his half, hears a rustle outside the door. Anastasia! .. She herself came to him to beg to release her from the spell and be baptized. He swears that he is a Christian, that he considers magic a sin. After her departure, Anton repeats a vow in his soul: not out of self-interest, but out of love, he should accept the Russian confession, and not renounce Christ, and then ask for the hand of the boyar daughter. But people's rumor makes him hurry. Anton goes on foot to the village to Athos Nikitin. The elder listens to the petition of the guest, expresses his readiness to be a sad man and a matchmaker, and adequately fulfills his mission: the father gives Anastasia to the German.

An hour later, Anton the doctor sets off on his return journey. In a swampy copse, he is saved from robbers by the Jew Zakhary, whom he once helped to avoid death in Prague.

The next morning, heretics are punished. One incident overshadows this spectacle for the people: unexpectedly, the horse of Prince Karakacha throws off the rider, the only son of Prince Danyar. The Grand Duke orders his doctor to cure the son of his Tatar friend. Anton vouches that if he begins to treat and they do not interfere with him, the prince will be healthy. In response to Danyar's prejudices, the sovereign demands the doctor's head as a pledge. The goal of wresting Russia from the hands of ignorance takes over, and the honest doctor takes an oath, but on the condition that all his requirements will be observed exactly, and one of John's trusted boyars will observe this in the absence of a doctor,

Karakacha is recovering quickly. The capricious Tatar is already making demands on Anastasia to his doctor - she was the first to be promised to him. After a dispute, Anton sends a new medicine to the prince. At night, the boyar Rusalka, who watched the execution of the doctor's orders, replaces the bottle. The next morning, the old prince himself gives his son a drink, and a quarter of an hour later Karakacha dies.

Anton is thrown into a prison hut. The Grand Duke of Moscow kept his word to Danyar: despite the pleas of Anton's friends, he gives the doctor to be torn to pieces by the Tatars. For the bliss of the bridegroom, the innocent pays with a painful death. Anastasia, left without her betrothed, cannot stand it and lays hands on herself.

Author of the retelling: M. G. Obizhaeva

<< Back: Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov 1791-1859 (Family chronicle. Autobiographical story (1856). Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson. Autobiographical story (1858))

>> Forward: Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov 1790/1795-1829 (Woe from Wit. Comedy in verse (1822-1825, published 1833))

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