Lecture No. 14. Communions 

1. Present participle of active voice

Unlike Russian, Latin has only one participle for each tense: the present participle of the active voice and the past participle of the passive voice. Most of the participles used in medical terminology act only as definitions for nouns. These are adjective participles, for example: dentes permanentes - permanent teeth, cysta congenita - congenital cyst, aqua destiilata - distilled water, etc.

Present participles of the active voice are formed from the stem of the present tense verb by adding the suffix -ns in I, II conjugations, and the suffix -ens in III, IV conjugations. In the genus p. units h. all participles end in -ntis (-nt- stem ending).

For example, the formation of participles:

Present participles of the active voice are declined according to the III declension, like adjectives of the 2nd group with one ending like recens, -ntis. They have endings in Nom. pl. -es for m, f; -ia for n; in Gen. pl. - -ium for all three genders, for example: communicare - to connect.

Declension of the present participles of the active voice

Some participles were borrowed into Russian with the endings -ent, -ant, for example, student (studens, -ntis from studere - "to study"), associate professor (docens, -ntis from docere - "teach", "teach"), patient (patiens , -ntis from patior, pati - "suffer", "endure"), laboratory assistant (iaborans, -ntis from laborare - "work"), recipient (recipiens, -ntis from recipere - "take") - a patient who receives a blood transfusion a donor or an organ or tissue transplant of another person is performed.

2. Passive past participles

In Latin, as well as in Russian, such participles are verbal adjectives. They are formed from the stem of the so-called supine (one of the main forms of the verb ending in -urn) by adding the generic endings -us, -a, um to it.

Forming the Past Participles of the Passive Voice

The basis of the supine is determined by discarding the ending -um from the form of the supine. The base of the supina usually ends in -t, -x, -s. In philological dictionaries, Latin verbs are given in four main forms: 1st person singular. h. vr.; 1st person singular h. perfect (perfect past tense); supine; infinitive, for example: misceo, mixi, mixtum, ere (II); solvo, solvi, solutum, ere (III).

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Past participles of the passive voice are declined as adjectives of the 1st group.

Lecture No. 15. Latin proverbs and aphorisms

Alea jacta est. - The die is cast (Caesar).

Aliis inserviendo consumer. - Serving others, I burn (Van der Tulp, Dutch doctor. One of the emblems of medicine is a burning candle).

Alit lectio ingenium. - Reading nourishes the mind.

Amantium irae amoris integratio est. - Quarrels of lovers - the renewal of love (Terentsy).

Amat victoria curam. - Victory loves diligence (Catullus).

Amicus certus in re incerta cernitur. - A true friend is known in misfortune.

Amicus Plato, sed magis arnica Veritas. - Plato is (to me) a friend, but the truth is dearer (Aristotle).

Aquila non captat muscas. - The eagle does not catch flies (a great man is not exchanged for trifles).

Arte et humanitate, labore et sciential. - Art and humanity, work and knowledge!

Asinus asinorum in saecula saeculorum. - Donkey from donkeys forever and ever.

Audentes fortuna juvat. - Fate helps the brave (Virgil).

Audiatur et altera pars. Let the other side be heard as well.

Ausculta et perpende! - Listen and weigh!

Aut Caesar, aut nihil. - Or Caesar, or no one.

Aut vincere, aut mori. Either win or die.

Bene dignoscitur, bene curatur. What is well recognized is well treated.

Citius, altius, fortius! - Faster, higher, stronger! (The motto of the Olympic Games.)

Cogito, ergo sum. - I think, therefore I am (Descartes).

Consuetudo est altera natura. - Habit is second nature.

Contra vim mortis non est medicamen in hortis. - Against the power of death there is no medicine in the gardens (Arnold of Villanova).

Contraria contrariis curantur. - The opposite is treated by the opposite (principle of allopathy).

Debes, ergo potes. - Must mean you can.

De gustibus non est disputandum. - Tastes could not be discussed.

De mortuis aut bene, aut nihil. - About the dead (it should be said) or good, or nothing.

Diagnosis bona - curatio bona. - Good diagnosis (determines) good treatment.

Dictum factum. - No sooner said than done.

Divide et impera! - Divide and rule!

docendo discimus. - Teaching (others), learning (ourselves).

Doctrine multiplex, Veritas una. - Teachings are diverse, the truth is one.

Do, ut des. - I give, so that you give me.

Dum spiro, spero. - While I breathe I hope.

Dura lex, sed lex. - The law is strong, but it's law.

Edimus, ut vivamus, non vivimus, ut edamus. We eat to live, not live to eat.

Errare humanum est. - Humans tend to make mistakes.

Ex nihilo nihil fit. Nothing comes out of nothing (Lucretius).

Ex ungue leonem. - By the claws (recognize) a lion.

Fac et spera! - Create and hope!

Facile dictum, difficile factum. - Easy to say - hard to do.

Festina lente. - Do not do it in a hurry (lit. hurry slowly).

Fiat lux! - Let there be light!

Finis coronat opus. - The end crowns the deed.

Hie mortui vivunt, hie muti loquuntur. - The dead live here, the dumb speak here (an inscription on ancient libraries).

Homo est mundi pars. - Man is part of the world (Cicero).

Hygiena arnica valetudinis. - Hygiene is a friend of health.

Ignoti nulla curatio morbi. - You can not cure an unknown disease.

Ipsa scientia potestas est. - Knowledge itself is power (F. Bacon).

Ira furor brevis est. - Anger is short-term insanity.

Mala herba cito crescit. - The weed is growing fast.

Medica mente, non medicamentis. - Treat with the mind, not with medicines.

Medice, cura aegrotum, sed non morbum. - Doctor, treat the patient, not the disease.

Medice, cura te ipsum. - Doctor, heal yourself.

Medicina soror philosophiae. - Medicine is the sister of philosophy (Democritus).

memento mori. - Memento Mori.

Multi multa sciunt, nemo omnia. Many people know a lot, but no one knows everything.

Multum vinum bibere, non diu vivere. - To drink a lot of wine - not to live long.

Natura sanat, medicus curat morbos. - The doctor heals diseases, but nature heals (Hippocrates).

Naturalia non sunt turpia. - Natural is not ugly (Celsus).

Nec quisquam melior medicus, quam fidus amicus. There is no better doctor than a true friend.

Nemo judex in causa sua. - No one can be a judge in his own case.

Nil desperandum. - Never despair.

Nolite mittere margaritas ante porcos. - Do not throw pearls before swine.

Nomen est omen. - The name speaks for itself (literally, the name is a sign).

Nomina sunt odiosa. - We will not name names (lit. names are hateful).

Non curatur, qui curat. - He who is overcome by worries, he is not cured.

Non multa, sed multum. - (To say) a lot in a few words.

Non progredi est regredi. - Not to go forward means to go back.

Non quaerit aeger medicum eloquentem, sed sanantem. - The patient is not looking for a doctor who can speak, but one who knows how to treat.

Non scholae, sed vitae discimus. We study not for school, but for life.

Nosce te ipsum. - Know thyself (Socrates).

Nulla aetas ad discendum sera. - It's never too late to learn.

Nulla regula sine exception. - There is no rule without exception.

O magna vis veritatis! - O great power of truth! (Cicero.)

Oh tempora, oh mores! - About times, about customs! (Cicero.)

Omnia nimium nocet. - Any excess is harmful.

Omnia principium difficile. - Every beginning is difficult.

Omnia mea mecum porto. - I carry all my (internal property) with me (Biant, one of the seven famous Greek sages).

Omnia praeclara rara. - Everything beautiful is rare (Cicero).

Omnis ars naturae imitatio est. - All art is an imitation of nature (Seneca).

Omnium profecto artium medicina nobilissima est. - Of course, of all the arts, medicine is the noblest (Hippocrates).

Optimum medicamentum quies est. - Peace is the best medicine (Celsus).

Otium post negotium. - Rest - after work.

Pacta servanda sunt. - Contracts must be respected.

Per aspera ad astra. - Through hardship to the stars.

Periculum in mora. - Danger in delay.

Pigritia mater vitiorum. - Laziness is the mother of vices.

Plenus venter non studet libenter. - A full belly is deaf to learning (literally, a full belly learns reluctantly).

Post hoc non est propter hoc. - After this does not mean because of this.

Primum noli noce. - First of all - do no harm (Hippocrates).

Qualis rex, talis grex. - What is the priest, such is the parish (literally, what is the shepherd, such is the flock).

Qualis vita, finis ita. What is life, such is the end.

Qui bene interrogat, bene dignoscit; qui bene dignoscit, bene curat.- He who asks well makes a good diagnosis; who diagnoses well, treats well.

Qui quaerit, reperit. - Who seeks, he finds.

Quot homines, tot sententiae. - How many people, so many opinions.

Radices litterarum amarae sunt, fructus dulces. - The roots of the sciences are bitter, the fruits are sweet.

Repetitio est mater studiorum. - Repetition is the mother of learning.

Salus aegroti suprema lex medicorum. - The good of the patient is the highest law for doctors.

Salus populi - suprema lex. - The good of the people is the highest law (Cicero).

Senectus insanabilis morbus est. - Old age is an incurable disease (Seneca).

Sermo est imago anime. - Speech is the image of the soul.

Sero venientibus ossa. - Latecomers - bones.

Sic transit gloria mundi. This is how worldly glory passes.

Simile semper parit simile. - Like always gives birth to like (Linnaeus).

Similia similibus curantur. Like cures like (homeopathic principle).

Sol lucet omnibus. - The sun shines on everyone.

Suum cuique. - To each his own.

Te hominem esse memento. - Remember that you are human.

Tempus vulnera sanat. - Time heals wounds.

Tertium non datur. - There is no third.

Tuto, cito, jucunde. - (Treat) safely, quickly, pleasantly.

Ubi concordia, ibi victoria. Where there is agreement, there is victory.

Ubi mel, ibi fel. - There is no rose without thorns (literally, where there is honey, there is bile).

Usus est optimus magister. - Experience is the best teacher.

Valetudo bonum optimum. - Health is the best good.

Vanitas vanitatum et omnia vanitas. - Vanity of vanities and all kinds of vanity.

Veni, vidi, vici. - I came, I saw, I conquered (Caesar's message about the victory over the king of the Bosporus).

Verba movent, exempla trahunt. - Words excite, examples captivate.

Vita brevis, ars longa, tempus praeceps, experimentum periculosum, judicium difficile. - Life is short, and the path to professional excellence is long, time is fleeting, conducting an experiment is dangerous, making a conclusion is difficult (Hippocrates).

Vivere est cogitare. To live is to think.

Author: Shtun A.I.

<< Back: Chemical nomenclature in Latin. Names of chemical elements, acids, oxides (Names of the most important chemical elements. Names of acids. Names of oxides. Names of salts. Names of anions. Frequency segments in the names of hydrocarbon radicals. Numerals. Adverbs. Pronouns, cardinal and ordinal numbers from 1 to 15. Numeral prefixes of Latin and Greek origin. Adverbs. Pronouns. Present tense of the indicative mood of the active and passive voices)

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