Table of contents (expand)
- Structure and composition of modern cultural knowledge (General characteristics of modern culture. Composition and structure of cultural knowledge)
- Culturology and philosophy of culture, sociology of culture (Main trends and schools in Western philosophy of culture in the 19th-20th centuries. Philosophy of culture in Russia in the 19th-20th centuries. Sociology of culture)
- Cultural anthropology. Culturology and cultural history (Cultural anthropology. Culturology and cultural history. Artistic style as a symbolic expression of the soul)
- Theoretical and applied cultural studies (Theoretical research in cultural studies. Applied research in cultural studies)
- Methods of cultural studies (The originality of cultural studies as a complex science. Methods of cultural research. Basic forms of spiritual culture)
- Culturology as a science of culture (Culture as a subject of cultural studies, culture. Formation of the concept of “culture” and its philosophical understanding. The concept of “culture” in the languages of various sciences and in spoken language)
- The relationship of culture and civilization (Formation and basic meanings of the concept of “civilization”. Types of civilizations. Specifics and main features of technogenic civilization. The relationship between the concepts of “culture” and “civilization”)
- Basic concepts of cultural studies (Culturogenesis (origin and development of culture). Cultural values and norms. Dynamics of culture. Modernization of culture. Morphology of culture, morphology of culture. Cultural traditions)
- Culture Models (Classical and modern models of culture. Mass and elite cultures. Subculture and counterculture. Culture as a system of signs. Information definition of culture)
- Typology of cultures (Typology of culture. Ethnic and national types of culture. “East - West” in cultural studies. Russia and the type of its culture)
- Local cultures (Local cultures as a model of human development. The concept of cultural-historical types (N.Ya. Danilevsky). Local cultures and local civilizations (O. Spengler and A. Toynbee). The theory of culture-civilizations by S. Huntington)
- The place and role of Russia in world culture (Russian culture and Russian national character. Slavic element of Russian culture. Orthodox motifs of Russian culture: original and borrowed. “Moscow is the third Rome” as the embodiment of the ideas of messianism in Russian culture. Westerners and Slavophiles about Russian culture and the historical fate of Russia)
- Trends in cultural universalization in the global modern process (Factors and mechanisms of cultural transformation. Universalization and transformation of culture in the era of globalization. Rutinization and virtualization of culture. Globalization as the basis for intercultural dialogue)
- Culture and society (Culture and nature. Culture and society. Culture and global problems of our time. Culture and personality. Socialization and inculturation)
- Features of ancient cultures (Primitive culture. Features of the great cultures of antiquity)
- The culture of antiquity. Culture of the East (The culture of antiquity. Ancient Greece. The Archaic era and its cultural achievements. The classical period. Hellenic culture. The culture of Ancient Rome. The cultures of the East. The culture of the Arab Caliphate. The culture of Ancient India. The culture of China. The culture of Japan)
- European culture (Culture of Byzantium. Culture of medieval Europe. Culture of the Renaissance. European culture of the era)
- Culture of Russia 9th-19th centuries (Culture of Ancient Rus'. Culture of the Moscow state (XIV-XVII centuries). Russian culture of the 18th century. Golden age of Russian culture)
- Culture of the Soviet state (Specifics of culture in Russia in the post-revolutionary period. Culture of the USSR in the 1930-1950s. Culture of the Soviet state in the 60-80s of the XX century. The problem of modern Russian culture)
- The concept of the origin of culture F. Nietzsche
- A. Toynbee's views on the theory of human civilization
- Theory of culture N. Berdyaev
- Z. Freud and his concept of the conscious and the unconscious
- Cultural concept of N.Ya.Danilevsky
- The philosophical concept of the functioning of culture by O. Spengler
- Theory of Supersystems by P.A. Sorokin
- Overcoming the ideas of catastrophism by K. Jaspers
- The concept of cultural archetypes by E.G. Jung
- Cultural concept of D.B. Vico
- Johan Huizinga. Homo ludens
- Umberto Eco. From the Internet to Guttenberg
- Jean-Francois Lyotard. Postmodern state
- Michel Foucault. Supervise and punish. Birth of the prison
- Robert Burton. Anatomy of melancholy
Theory of culture N. Berdyaev
Nikolai Berdyaev (1874-1948) outlined his views on culture in general and on the specifics of Russian culture in the works Self-Knowledge, The Fate of Russia, The Meaning of History, The Crisis of Art, The Philosophy of the Free Spirit, and others.
In the works of Berdyaev, all the most significant philosophical and cultural problems of that time were illuminated and comprehended, when there was an active search for new forms of self-realization.
Berdyaev puts a free creative person above culture. In this he opposes Spengler, who argues that a specific culture forms a person corresponding to it. Berdyaev believes that culture limits the creative impulse of the spirit. The cultural form is the "cooled-down freedom" of the spirit.
As a result, the spirit is embodied in object-symbolic forms that fetter it. The article "The Will to Life and the Will to Culture" (1922) is devoted to this topic.
Defining the relationship between culture and civilization, Berdyaev contrasts the significance of the "will to culture" with the pragmatic "will to live." Life here at Berdyaev is synonymous with unspiritual improvement.
Absolute for the religious philosopher Berdyaev is the cult, sacred basis of culture. He was one of the first to pose the most significant problems for modern culturological thought: the relationship between capitalism and socialism as forms of consciousness; nation and culture; universal and national in culture; war and culture, etc.
Authors: Islamgalieva S.K., Khalin K.E., Babayan G.V.
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