Obstetrics and gynecology. Changes in a woman's body during pregnancy (the most important)

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Obstetrics and gynecology. Changes in a woman's body during pregnancy (the most important)

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6. Changes in a woman's body during pregnancy

In connection with the development of the fetus in the body of a pregnant woman, a large restructuring of the activity of the most important systems and organs occurs. A woman's body weight increases, especially in the second half of pregnancy. The weekly increase during this period is 300-350 g. On average, body weight increases by 12 kg by the end of pregnancy.

The cardiovascular system. The number of vessels in the uterus increases significantly, and a new (uteroplacental) blood circulation appears. This leads to increased work of the heart. The pulse rate increases by 10-12 beats per minute. The volume of circulating blood begins to increase in the first trimester. In the second trimester of pregnancy, the increase in BCC is maximum. At the end of the third trimester, the bcc is 1,4-1,5 times higher than the initial one.

Respiratory. By the end of pregnancy, the minute volume of breathing of women in labor increases on average 1,5 times due to an increase in inhalation volume and respiratory rate. Physiological hyperventilation during labor is accompanied by hypocapnia, which is the most important condition for normal transplacental diffusion of carbon dioxide from the fetus to the mother.

Digestive organs. Changes are expressed in nausea, morning vomiting, increased salivation, decreased and even distorted taste sensations. Bowel function is characterized by a tendency toward constipation as the bowel is pushed upward and displaced by the gravid uterus.

Urinary organs. They experience the maximum load of excreting metabolic products of the mother and fetus. During pregnancy, the ureters are in a state of hypotension and hypokinesia, which leads to a slower outflow of urine and dilation of the ureters and renal pelvis. Renal blood flow increases during pregnancy.

Nervous system. In the early stages of pregnancy, there is a decrease in the excitability of the cerebral cortex, an increase in the reflex activity of the subcortical centers and the spinal cord. This explains increased irritability, fatigue, drowsiness, rapid mood swings, and decreased attention.

Endocrine system. Begins to function - corpus luteum. It exists in the ovary during the first 3-4 months of pregnancy. The corpus luteum of pregnancy secretes the hormone progesterone, which creates the necessary conditions in the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized egg, reduces its excitability and thereby favors the development of the embryo.

Genital organs. The external genitalia, vagina, and cervix loosen, become juicy, easily stretchable, and acquire a bluish color. The isthmus of the uterus softens and stretches especially strongly, which in the 4th month of pregnancy, together with part of the lower part of the uterus, turns into the lower uterine segment. The volume of the uterine cavity increases. The ligamentous apparatus undergoes significant thickening and elongation.

Author: Ivanov A.I.

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