Obstetrics and gynecology. Menstrual irregularities (most important)

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Obstetrics and gynecology. Menstrual irregularities (most important)

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50. Menstrual disorders

Menstrual irregularities - this is a manifestation of various pathological conditions associated not only with disorders in the genital area, but also with general systemic and endocrine diseases.

Menstrual disorders are characterized by a change in the cyclicity, duration and volume of menstrual blood loss.

Types of menstrual irregularities:

1) menorrhagia or hypermenorrhea - regularly occurring uterine bleeding with a volume of more than 80 ml;

2) metrorrhagia - irregular uterine bleeding that occurs at various short intervals;

3) menometrorrhagia - irregularly occurring prolonged uterine bleeding;

4) polymenorrhea - bleeding from the uterine cavity, characterized by regular occurrence after a time interval of less than 21 days;

5) intermenstrual bleeding;

6) postmenopausal bleeding - bleeding that appeared more than a year after the last menstruation in women with insufficient ovarian function;

7) postcoital bleeding - bleeding after coition;

8) premenstrual bleeding - scanty bleeding of a smearing nature that occurs a few days before the onset of menstruation;

9) postmenstrual bleeding. has a smearing character, scanty, lasts for several days after the end of menstruation;

10) dysmenorrhea - painful menstruation;

11) primary amenorrhea - the absence of menstruation at the age of 16 years and older;

12) secondary amenorrhea - the absence of menstruation for six months or more after menstruation;

13) oligomenorrhea - rare menstruation that occurs once every 1-2 months;

14) spaniomenorrhea - periodic onset of menstruation once every 1-6 months;

15) hypomenorrhea - scanty menstruation;

16) cryptomenorrhea - hidden menstruation, clinically manifested by amenorrhea due to infection of the cervical canal, malformations of the genitals or a continuous hymen.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) - pathological uterine bleeding due to a violation of the secretory function of the ovaries (the synthesis of sex hormones) in the absence of pregnancy, inflammatory processes and organic changes in the genital organs.

During the examination, the following violations are most often observed:

1) shortening of the follicular phase of the cycle in the presence of a long luteal phase;

2) shortening or inferiority of the luteal phase of the cycle with a normal or somewhat prolonged follicular phase of the cycle;

3) lengthening of the luteal phase during the normal follicular phase of the cycle.

Author: Ivanov A.I.

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