Obstetrics and gynecology. Examination of the woman in labor (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Obstetrics and gynecology. Examination of the woman in labor (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

9. Examination of the woman in labor

With the onset of labor activity, the pregnant woman enters the emergency department of the maternity hospital, where she is examined and a plan for the conduct of childbirth is drawn up.

When examining a woman in labor, the anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory data and assessment of the fetus are taken into account.

History of current pregnancy, previous pregnancies, chronic diseases

The course of a real pregnancy. Assessed based on the history and medical record of the woman in labor. It is necessary to clarify some data regardless of the results of antenatal care.

Determination of gestational age. The expected date of birth is calculated by counting 40 weeks from the 1st day of the last menstruation. If the date of the last ovulation or the day of conception is known, 38 weeks are counted from this day. The date of the last ovulation is determined by the basal temperature measurement schedule. The following signs are also important: determination of the fetal heartbeat using the Doppler study (from the 10-12th week), and starting from the 18-20th week of pregnancy, the heartbeat can be determined using an obstetric stethoscope. A woman begins to feel the first movement of the fetus most often from the 17th week of pregnancy. The gestational age, determined by the size of the uterus in the first weeks of pregnancy, is also taken into account. In addition, the size of the fetus, detected by ultrasound before the 24th week of pregnancy, is important.

If the exact date of the last menstruation is not established and there are no data from the antenatal examination, the exact timing of pregnancy becomes more difficult. Since the observation of the course of full-term, premature and post-term pregnancies is different, ultrasound is necessary to establish or clarify the timing of pregnancy or, in some cases, amniocentesis to determine the degree of maturity of the fetal lungs.

Diseases during the present pregnancy. The woman is asked about the course of pregnancy, clarifying in detail all the complaints. It is necessary to pay attention to the diseases in the woman's history.

Examination during childbirth

Contractions. It is important to find out the start time of contractions, frequency, strength and duration. If labor proceeds normally, the frequency of contractions is regular, they are strong, with a pronounced pain component, while the woman in labor cannot walk or talk, and there may often be bloody discharge from the vagina.

The discharge of amniotic fluid occurs during contractions or before them. If, during the collection of anamnesis, a simultaneous copious discharge of fluid from the vagina is reported, then we can conclude that this is amniotic fluid. If the discharge is scanty, a vaginal examination is performed and a smear microscopy is done to determine the nature of this discharge. This may be urine from the vagina or amniotic fluid. A long anhydrous period creates an opportunity for the development of chorioamnionitis.

Bloody discharge from the vagina. Slight spotting is observed during the normal course of childbirth. With abundant bleeding, an urgent examination is necessary.

Author: Ivanov A.I.

<< Back: Signs of fetal maturity, the size of the head and body of a mature fetus

>> Forward: Physical examination

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ International private law. Lecture notes

▪ Theory of Government and Rights. Crib

▪ Real estate economics. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Danger of welding fumes 10.01.2019

An international team of scientists has found that no matter what type of electrode is used, welding will still produce harmful smoke.

This smoke will always contain solid nanoparticles of oxides of iron, manganese, silicone (about 41%, 18% and 6% respectively), as well as chromium. The average particle diameter is 5 nanometers, but there are also smaller ones among them. Metal oxidation products are generally toxic, but particles approaching 1 nanometer in size are of particular danger - it is known that they can even penetrate the human nervous system.

Particles in air suspension can move with air currents far beyond the area where the welder worked, and this must be taken into account in safety regulations.

Other interesting news:

▪ Working Earth Model

▪ WD Blue SN500 NVMe SSD

▪ Electric battery from an electric eel

▪ semi-automatic driver

▪ A new method for quantum entanglement of photons

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Welding equipment. Article selection

▪ Nihilist article. Popular expression

▪ article Who wrote the first opera? Detailed answer

▪ article Functional composition of Fisher TVs. Directory

▪ article Programmer for AT89C51/52/55 microcontrollers. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Electric cold relay and some information about the refrigeration unit. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews