Eye diseases. Combined eye examination method (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Eye diseases. Combined eye examination method (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

9. Combined method of eye examination

The method consists in examining the illuminated place through a strong magnifying glass, with side illumination of the eye. Instead of a second loupe, you can use a binocular loupe that gives a magnification of 610 times. When examining the cornea, attention is paid to its size, shape, transparency, etc. If there are changes, the freshness of inflammatory infiltrates, their shape, depth of location, and areas of ulceration are determined. Pay attention to the ingrowth of superficial and deep vessels into the cornea, the smoothness, sphericity and luster of its surface. When examining the cornea, it is always necessary to examine its sensitivity. Most simply, it is determined by a piece of cotton wool with a thinned end, which, when touched to the cornea, causes a protective reflex (closing of the eyelids, withdrawal). To objectify the research, specially made hairs are used, as well as algesimetry.

To detect defects in the corneal epithelium, one drop of a 1% fluorescein solution is instilled into the conjunctival sac.

Then they examine the anterior chamber, fix attention on its depth, uniformity, transparency of moisture, the presence of blood, exudate in it, etc.

When examining the iris, its color is determined (the presence of heterochromia, areas of excessive pigmentation). The radial pattern of the iris, usually depending on the state of its trabecular tissue, is well expressed in light irises. They also clearly visible pigment fringe along the edge of the pupillary area. Detect congenital and acquired defects of the iris, its fusion with the cornea (synechia anterior), anterior lens capsule (synechia posterior). Unions can be single, along the edge of the pupil, and circular (synechia circularis, seclusio pupillae). They usually occur as a result of an inflammatory process in the vascular tract. In case of damage, detachments of the iris at the root (iridodialisis), tears and ruptures of the sphincter of the pupil are observed.

The study of the pupil begins with determining its shape, width, direct and friendly reaction to light. Different width of the pupils of the left and right eyes (anisocoria) is often a pathological phenomenon. The direct reaction of the pupil to light is checked by pointing a beam of light at it with a lens or an ophthalmoscope. In this case, the second eye is tightly closed with the palm of your hand. Pupillary reaction is considered alive if under the influence of light the pupil quickly and distinctly narrows, and sluggish if the pupil reaction is slow and insufficient. A change in the direct pupillary reaction may depend on a violation of the conduction of the motor descending path of the reflex or on disorders in the area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe connection of the optical and motor paths.

Examining the friendly reaction of the pupils, one eye is illuminated with an ophthalmoscope, following the reaction of the pupil of the other eye. In conclusion, the reaction of the pupils to the installation at a close distance, which takes place with the participation of accommodation and convergence, is checked. For this, the patient is asked to fix the object with his eyes, gradually approaching the eyes, and follow the reaction of the pupils, which are constricted at the same time.

Author: Shilnikov L.V.

<< Back: Method of examining the eye using side lighting

>> Forward: Technique of examination of the eye in transmitted light and ophthalmoscopy

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Criminology. Crib

▪ Roman law. Lecture notes

▪ History of domestic state and law. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

HEVC hardware encoder 19.09.2017

Today, HEVC is the main standard for high-definition video compression. The standard is very wide and has a lot of options and modes, but solutions that can work with 10-bit color depth in hardware are gaining more and more popularity. If almost any PC can handle such video decoding today, then it is more efficient to use specialized devices based on specialized chips (ASICs) or FPGAs for encoding, since such solutions will have a better ratio of performance to power consumption. Such devices include the VITEC MGW Ace Encoder complex.

Outwardly, this is a fairly ordinary device in a metal case, but it is designed to compress a video stream in real time. H.264 and H.265 formats are supported, compression is fully hardware-based in both cases and occurs with a minimum delay - around 60 milliseconds. The latest HEVC Gen2 processor delivers industry-leading video compression quality up to 4:2:2 with 10-bit color depth, according to the company.

The advantage over competitors reaches 20%. The device is completely autonomous, supports signal input via 3G-SDI, HD-SDI, SDI, HDMI, DVI or Composite interfaces and has a convenient web interface for remote control. The operator can follow the process in 1080p resolution.

Other interesting news:

▪ High Voltage MOSFETs for High Speed Switching Devices

▪ LG 6-core LCD TVs

▪ Fixed the mysterious effect of water

▪ Intel Cyclone 10 Field Programmable Gate Arrays

▪ Computer in Orange Pi 800 keyboard

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Stories from the life of radio amateurs. Selection of articles

▪ article Dry tights. Tips for the home master

▪ article What are termites? Detailed answer

▪ article Strawberry pineapple. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Electronic watchman. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Flipping the deck. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews