Eye diseases. Clinic and treatment of cataracts (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Eye diseases. Clinic and treatment of cataracts (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

53. Clinic and treatment of cataract

clinical picture. The clinical picture of cataract in the primary form is manifested by complaints of decreased visual acuity. Sometimes the first symptoms of cataract are distortion of objects, monocular polyopia (multiple vision of objects).

In the clinical course of senile cataract, there are initial, immature, mature and overripe stages. In the initial stage, patients may not have complaints, others note a decrease in visual acuity, the appearance of "flying flies", and sometimes polyopia. In a biochemical study at this stage, the appearance of intracapsular blisters, stratification of the lens fibers are determined. After 23 years, the stage of immature cataract begins. At this stage, the phenomena of hydration of the lens increase, and patients complain of a sharp decrease in vision. The stage of immature cataract lasts for years. Gradually, the lens begins to lose water, and the turbidity acquires an intense gray hue, becomes uniform. There is a stage of a mature cataract. At this stage, the figure of a lens star, intense opacification in the region of the lens sutures are visible. Patients complain about the lack of objective vision. With an overripe cataract, the cortical substance is converted into a liquefied milky mass, which undergoes resorption, the volume of the lens decreases.

With a nuclear cataract, central vision is disturbed early, far vision suffers more. Temporary nearsightedness may occur. In side light, the lens in these cases has a light green tint.

Complications of cataracts are phacolytic glaucoma, phacogenous iridocyclitis. Phacolytic glaucoma develops in immature cataracts due to the absorption of a decaying substance during swelling of the lens, an increase in its volume and as a result of a violation of the outflow of intraocular fluid. When cataract masses fall into the anterior chamber of the eye and their resorption is delayed, iridocyclitis may occur, associated with the development of hypersensitivity to the lens protein.

Treatment. Conservative cataract therapy is used for initial lens opacification to prevent its progression. Medicines used to treat cataracts contain a means for correcting metabolic processes, normalizing electrolyte metabolism, redox processes and reducing lens edema (oftankatachrome, soncatalin, vitaiodurol, quinax).

Surgery (cataract removal) remains the main treatment for lens opacities. Indications for surgical treatment are determined individually. This depends on the state of visual functions, the nature and intensity of lens opacification. Removal can be internal or extracapsular. In intracapsular removal, the lens is removed within the capsule. During extracapsular removal, after opening the anterior capsule of the lens, the nucleus is squeezed out and the lens masses are sucked out. A method has been developed to remove cataracts through tunnel incisions, which are sutured.

Author: Shilnikov L.V.

<< Back: Cataract

>> Forward: congenital cataract

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ International private law. Lecture notes

▪ Theory of Government and Rights. Crib

▪ Contract law. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Mercedes-Benz C-Class with autopilot 15.12.2013

The new Mercedes-Benz C-Class has received from the latest generation of the S-Class executive sedan not only design, but also some technological innovations. One of these innovations will be the Stop & Go Pilot system, capable of driving a car while driving in traffic jams. The car will receive part of the visual and technological components from the S-Class executive sedan, including the Stop & Go Pilot system for independent movement in traffic jams.

Stop & Go Pilot technology allows you to automatically start and stop while maintaining the required distance from the car in front. At the same time, it is possible to move in the stream at speeds up to 60 km / h. To date, the manufacturer does not specify what set of electronics was needed to implement the autopilot in the new C-Class. Apparently, the developers borrowed technology from an older luxury sedan, since it makes economic sense.

The grille of the new S-Class hides the long-range radar. In addition, there are two short-range radars in the front and rear bumpers. The system also includes 12 ultrasonic sensors, an infrared camera, a 3D camera, and four perimeter cameras. The automaker promised to add all this powerful arsenal of sensors to each model of a cheaper class.

Another option in the new C-Class, borrowed from premium models, will be the Traffic Sign Assist system, which recognizes traffic signs. The system 'sees' and displays restrictive and prohibition signs on the dashboard. This may give visual and audible warning signals.

Orders for the new Mercedes-Benz C-Class will begin on December 16, 2013.

Other interesting news:

▪ Rebirth of the Woolly Mammoth

▪ CDT advances P-OLED technology

▪ Multicooker with Wi-Fi

▪ Nanotube switch

▪ Vertical VTFETs

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ radio section of the website. Article selection

▪ article Drape in a Byron cloak. Popular expression

▪ article Is the discovery of the theory of gravity by Newton connected with the fall of an apple? Detailed answer

▪ article Cleaner of territories. Job description

▪ article Refinement of the Microlab B-72 speaker system. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Charging current indicator for car batteries. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews