Eye diseases. Infectious and viral eye lesions (most important)

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Eye diseases. Infectious and viral eye lesions (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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14. Infectious and viral lesions of the eyes

Drug intolerance may occur after topical atropine, quinine, antibiotics, and other drugs. At the same time, children go to the doctor with reddening of the skin of the eyelids, vesicles on the eyelids, erosions at the site of the former vesicles, as well as with conjunctivitis. This pathological condition is called eyelid toxicoderma.

Treatment. Cancellation of drugs that can cause the disease, and the appointment of desensitizing agents (calcium chloride, diphenhydramine).

Sometimes, after an infection, a cold, edematous eyelids are observed with the presence of transparent vesicles or crusts that appear after the vesicles dry. The process is accompanied by severe itching and local pain. This is most likely herpes simplex eyelids, caused by a filterable virus (herpessymplex). In some cases, on the skin, more often than the upper eyelid, as with herpes simplex, vesicles of large sizes and in greater numbers are found. The transparent contents of the vesicles may become cloudy, become purulent, crusts, ulcers may form. The process is accompanied by severe local and headaches. This is herpes zoster.

Treatment. Analgesics, B vitamins, brilliant green moxibustions.

Vaccine pustules of the eyelids during external examination reveal cyanotic edges of the eyelids, pustules (cloudy vesicles) and sores with a greasy coating on the skin. The eyelids are painful on palpation, the anterior lymph nodes are enlarged and painful. On the eyelids of children, single and multiple yellowish nodules of various sizes and with a depression in the center are found. This is a typical picture of an infectious mollusk, refers to filterable viruses.

Due to the significant contagiousness of the disease, treatment consists in removing the nodules and treating the bed with iodine (Lugol's solution).

If the patient complains of itching in the eyelids, eye fatigue, and on examination it is found that the edges of the eyelids are hyperemic, thickened, small grayish scales or yellowish crusts are visible at the base of the eyelashes, then this makes it possible to suspect scaly blepharitis.

In cases where the edges of the eyelids are sharply hyperemic, thickened, covered with ulcers and yellowish crusts, after removing which the surface bleeds, one should speak of ulcerative blepharitis. In this case, the hair follicles and sebaceous glands are involved in the process. Treatment of blepharitis is aimed at eliminating its possible cause. In addition, general strengthening agents are prescribed. The edges of the eyelids are degreased with 70% alcohol and treated with disinfectant solutions.

Occasionally (especially in children), when examining the intermarginal space, it is possible to detect abnormal growth of trichiasis eyelashes. Separate eyelashes face the eye, irritate the conjunctiva and cornea, causing tearing, pain, contributing to the development of corneal ulcers.

Treatment. Diathermocoagulation of eyelash bulbs with a needle electrode; with gross changes, plastic surgery is indicated.

Author: Shilnikov L.V.

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