The mysterious effect of water has been fixed. Free Technical Library News

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Fixed the mysterious effect of water

31.08.2021

Scientists at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at the US Department of Energy, Stanford University and Stockholm University in Sweden have made the first direct observation of how hydrogen atoms in water molecules interact with neighboring molecules when excited by laser light.

Each water molecule contains one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, and a network of hydrogen bonds between positively charged hydrogen atoms in one molecule and negatively charged oxygen atoms in neighboring molecules holds the molecules together. A network of hydrogen bonds determines the mysterious properties of water, but until recently, researchers could not directly observe the effects that occur when water molecules interact with their neighbors at the atomic level.

The new study directly demonstrates for the first time that the response of a hydrogen bond network to an energy pulse is critically dependent on the quantum mechanical nature of how hydrogen atoms are distributed in space. The problem was solved with the SLAC MeV-UED, a high-speed "electronic camera" that captures the subtle movements of molecules through the scattering of a powerful electron beam from a sample.

Scientists created jets of liquid water 100 nanometers thick and made the molecules vibrate using infrared laser light. They then fired short pulses of high-energy electrons at the molecules. As a result, high-resolution images of the changing atomic structure of molecules were obtained. It turned out that when an excited water molecule begins to vibrate, its hydrogen atom pulls the oxygen atoms of neighboring water molecules closer before repelling them with newfound force, expanding the space between the molecules.

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