Конкуренция. Понятие, основные виды конкуренции (самое важное)

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Конкуренция. Понятие, основные виды конкуренции (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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1. Concept, main types of competition

The market system creates freedom of economic choice, everyone has the right to produce and sell their goods. The result is economic competition, a competition called competition.

Competition - the struggle between producers, between suppliers of goods (sellers) for leadership, for leadership in the market.

Competition serves as one of the most important ways to improve the efficiency of both the entire economic system and all its links. Competition is a civilized form of the struggle for survival; it is the strongest means of continuous stimulation of workers and labor collectives. Thanks to the economic freedom that accompanies competition, the market economy is superior to the command economy, in which there is no place for competition.

Positive aspects of competition:

1) competition makes you constantly look for and use new opportunities in production;

2) competition requires the improvement of equipment and technologies;

3) competition stimulates the improvement of the quality of goods;

4) competition forces to reduce costs (and prices);

5) competition requires suppliers of goods (sellers) to reduce prices for the offered goods;

6) competition focuses on the range of high-demand goods;

7) competition improves product quality (the customer is always right);

8) competition introduces new forms of management.

Negative aspects of competition: in competition, there is ruthlessness and cruelty towards the loser, a large number of "victims" in the form of bankruptcies and unemployment.

The following factors influence the competitiveness of a product:

1) during its production:

a) labor productivity;

b) the level of taxation;

c) introduction of scientific and technical developments;

d) the amount of profit of the enterprise;

e) the amount of wages.

2) when it is consumed:

a) the selling price of the goods;

b) quality;

c) novelty;

d) after-sales service;

e) the level of pre-sale preparation.

There are six types of competition:

1) functional competition - based on the fact that the same consumer need can be satisfied in different ways;

2) species competition - this is competition between similar products, but different in design;

3) subject competition - this is competition between similar products, but different in product quality and brand attractiveness;

4) price competition - price reduction increases sales, leads to market expansion;

5) hidden price competition there are two types:

a) selling personal goods at a competitor's price;

b) a decrease in the price of consumption of goods;

6) illegal methods:

a) anti-advertising of competitors' products;

b) production of imitation goods (fake).

Author: Ilyina V.N.

>> Forward: Forms and methods of competition

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