Competition. Social division of labor and competition. State and competition (most important)

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Competition. Social division of labor and competition. State and competition (most important)

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20. Social division of labor and competition. State and competition

The division of labor, the methods of its social combination, the organization of production, its specialization and cooperation clearly characterize the degree of development of the productive forces and have a great influence on the efficiency of production.

Distinguish three types of division of labor:

1) common, developing on the scale of social production as a whole (between the production of means of production and consumer goods, between town and country, between material and non-material production);

2) private, existing between various branches and industries, with the progress of production, the particular division of labor becomes more and more diverse and fractional;

3) singleexisting within the framework of a separate enterprise or association.

The process of division of labor and its specialization is endless. Because of this, it is a constantly acting factor in increasing the efficiency of production.

The higher the degree of division of labor, the more the need for unification and coordination of the actions of individual links in production. The division of labor is naturally complemented by its cooperation as a necessary way of forming a single, effectively functioning system of social production.

Regulation of competition through appropriate policies, such as maintaining a state monopoly, controlling investment in an industry, or fixing prices, has two significant negative effects: competition is reduced and innovation is slowed down, since companies primarily interact with the structures that establish regulation and protect against what they already have; and this, in turn, makes the industry less dynamic and less attractive to buyers or suppliers.

A strong antitrust policy, especially in horizontal, collusive mergers, is the basis for innovation. Real internal competition requires the government to prevent mergers, acquisitions, and mergers involving industry-leading companies.

Government has an impact on the formation of the goals of investors, managers, personnel, their policy in various areas. The government should focus its efforts on stimulating significant investments in the professional development of workers, innovation, and tangible assets. A powerful and unique means of increasing the rate of investment in an industry is a tax incentive for long-term capital gains, the use of which is limited to new investments in corporate shares.

Author: Ilyina V.N.

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Dr. Catherine Birken of The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and Julia Ma of the University of Toronto conducted a study on the impact of portable devices - smartphones, tablets, electronic games and more - on children from 6 to 24 months. According to the results of the work, these children may have a higher risk of delayed expressive speech.

The study involved 894 children aged 6 months to 2 years. Over 18 months, according to parental data, 20 percent of children used handheld devices daily, averaging 28 minutes. Based on readings from the Speech Delay Tool, the researchers found that the more time a child spent on the gadget, the more likely the child was to have speech delays.

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