How do trees grow? Detailed answer

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How do trees grow? Detailed answer

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How do trees grow?

Like all living things, trees also need food to grow. How does the tree get it?

From the soil, the plant receives water and mineral salts. From the air - carbon dioxide, and the green leaves of the tree process solar energy into starch, sugar and cellulose. That is, a chemical process takes place in the tree, which ensures the growth and development of the tree.

Between the wood and the bark of the tree there is a thin layer of cells called the cambium. New cells are created in this layer. Those that arise on the inside of the cambium form wood, not the outside - the bark. Therefore, with age, the tree increases in diameter.

The diameter of the tree increases constantly, but this does not happen with the bark. Often the bark bursts, dies and falls off.

The tree grows up, as well as in width. At the tip of each branch there are living cells. During the period of active growth, these cells divide, creating more and more new cells. They increase in size, form new leaves, and also increase in size the branches themselves. Thus, shoots grow.

Over time, the cells at the ends of the shoots become less active, and branch growth slows down. These new cells become hard, scaly-like, gradually becoming a bud. These buds are easy to spot on a tree in winter.

In the spring, the scales of the bud open or fall off, and the process begins to grow again. As you can see, the layer of cambium and cells at the tips of the branches contribute to the annual growth of the tree in diameter and upwards.

On a cut of a tree, successively located light and dark stripes are visible. Different colors indicate that the cells that make up the wood have unequal sizes. Light stripes consist of large cells formed in spring and early summer. The dark stripes are made up of smaller, densely packed cells formed in late summer. By their size, you can determine the amount of wood formed per year, and the number of rings corresponds to the age of the tree.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is made of oil?

Crude oil is one of the Earth's most important minerals. During the refining process, oil is converted into more than 2000 useful products. Let us give just a few examples of this. The most famous products of oil refining are fuels: gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and fuel oils. Liquefied gas is produced from oil for domestic needs.

Petroleum-derived substances are needed to make the food we eat and the clothes we wear. Petroleum-derived plastic wraps are used to package a large number of products. Synthetic fibers are produced from oil, which are part of fabrics. More than a thousand lubricating oils are produced from petroleum. And lubricant is so necessary in everything, from watches and parts of mechanisms, ending with locomotives and electric generators.

Oil is needed for asphalt pavement of roads and roofs of buildings. Oil-derived wax is the material for candles, wax paper and cellophane. Petroleum products are used to make carbon paper, dyes for printing books, newspapers, and synthetic detergents. Synthetic ammonia, produced from petroleum, is a fertilizer in agriculture. Oil-based pesticides kill insect pests and weeds.

Oil is used to produce petrochemicals. They are raw materials for other chemical compounds, such as plastics and synthetic fibers. Synthetic foam rubber, plastic tiles, films and detergents are also made from petroleum products.

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