Hospital pediatrics. Broncho-obstructive syndrome in children (the most important)

Free technical library

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Hospital pediatrics. Broncho-obstructive syndrome in children (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

45. Broncho-obstructive syndrome in children

Major Causes of Airway Obstruction in Children

1. Upper airway obstructions:

1) acquired:

a) allergic rhinitis;

b) nasal polyps;

c) hypertrophy of the tonsils;

d) inflammation of the epiglottis;

e) viral laryngotracheitis;

f) laryngospasm (with spasmophilia);

g) foreign body;

h) congenital stridor;

i) retraction of the tongue in an unconscious state;

j) mechanical compression of the trachea and bronchi;

2) congenital:

a) thymomegaly;

b) enlarged lymph nodes;

c) tumor.

2. Obstruction of large intrathoracic airways:

1) narrowing of the lumen (developmental anomaly, tumor, scar, foreign body);

2) compression from the outside (tumor, abnormal vessel);

3) excessive collapse due to weakness of the cartilaginous rings and (or) the membranous part (tracheomalacia).

3. Lower airway obstructions:

1) viral bronchiolitis;

2) bronchial asthma;

3) aspiration of vomit;

4) foreign bodies;

5) cystic fibrosis;

6) alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Mechanisms of disorders in obstructive syndrome.

1. Reversible:

1) inflammatory edema and mucosal infiltration and submucosal edema;

2) violation of mucociliary transport, obturation of the bronchial lumen with a viscous secret;

3) bronchospasm.

2. Irreversible:

1) fibroplastic changes in the walls of the bronchi.

2) stenosis, deformation and obliteration of the bronchial lumen.

3) expiratory collapse of the bronchi, the presence of emphysema.

Protective mechanisms of the respiratory apparatus.

1. Mechanical.

2. Biochemical.

3. Immunological.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

<< Back: Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatism

>> Forward: Acute bronchitis

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ normal physiology. Lecture notes

▪ Theory and methodology of education. Lecture notes

▪ History and theory of religions. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Airliner in shark skin 08.12.2010

Already half a century ago, zoologists have established that microscopic bumps, depressions and grooves on the skin of a shark reduce the turbulence of the water flow around the fish and allow the shark to develop high speed with little effort.

The Bremen Institute of Machining Technology and Applied Materials Science (Germany) has created a formula for a special lacquer that, when cured, imitates the texture of shark skin. Films with such a microrelief are produced that can be glued to the fuselage of an aircraft or ship's hull, reducing the resistance of the environment and fuel consumption. But it is difficult to fix the film on the surface of a complex shape, namely the surface of the wings and fuselage of a modern aircraft.

The varnish, which includes special nanoparticles, acquires the desired surface structure when solidified. It is easy to apply to a metal case of any shape. They are offered to cover the blades of wind turbines, as air resistance reduces their efficiency.

The varnish is durable and withstands temperatures from minus 55 to plus 70 degrees Celsius. If the entire world fleet of airliners is provided with such coverage, the annual fuel savings will be 4,5 million tons.

Other interesting news:

▪ Problems with CANON and NIKON digital cameras

▪ A camera with a resolution of 400 thousand pixels has been developed

▪ PWM stabilizer with sequencer and auto-tracking

▪ Synthetic molecules destroy allergies

▪ Three-wheeled electric car

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Personal transport: land, water, air. Article selection

▪ article by Gabrielle Bonnot de Mably. Famous aphorisms

▪ article Which Olympic champion hid that she was a hermaphrodite? Detailed answer

▪ article Telecom operator. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Features of repair of compact fluorescent lamps and electronic ballasts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Overhead transmission lines with voltage up to 1 kV. Intersections, convergence, joint suspension of overhead lines with communication lines, wire broadcasting and RK. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews