Hospital pediatrics. Vegetative-vascular dystonia (most important)

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Hospital pediatrics. Vegetative-vascular dystonia (most important)

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5. Vegetative-vascular dystonia

The sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system regulates mainly adaptation-trophic processes in situations requiring intense mental and physical activity. The parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system exhibits its main function outside the period of intense activity of the body, mainly during the period of “rest”, and regulates anabolic processes, the insular apparatus, digestive functions, emptying of hollow organs, and helps maintain the constancy of homeostasis. Autonomic reactivity is changes in autonomic reactions to internal and external stimuli. Irritants can be pharmacological drugs (mezaton, adrenaline, etc.), as well as physical influences (cold, heat, pressure on reflexogenic zones, etc.).

There are 3 types of vegetative reactivity:

1) normal (sympathicotonic);

2) hypersympathicotonic;

3) sympathicotonic.

Vegetative provision is the maintenance of the optimal level of functioning of the autonomic nervous system, ensures the adequate functioning of various organs and systems under load. Clinical manifestations in some patients in the form of fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, decreased pain sensitivity with various senestopathies. Signs of autonomic dysfunction may include palpitations with a tendency to sinus bradycardia or tachycardia; supraventricular extrasystole, paroxysmal tachycardia. Pathological vasomotor reactions can be manifested by a sensation of hot flashes, cold, a decrease or increase in blood pressure, pallor of the skin or hyperemia of the skin, general or local sweating, impaired secretory function, motor dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, sexual dysfunction.

Treatment.

1. Pathogenetic therapy, symptomatic therapy.

2. Long-term treatment to restore balance between the sections of the autonomic nervous system, this requires more time than to form an imbalance between them.

3. An integrated approach, including various types of effects on the body.

4. Selectivity of therapy, depending on the variant of vegetative dystonia, both with a constant (permanent) and crisis (paroxysmal) course.

The main sedatives in the treatment of vegetative dystonia in children.

1. Means of plant origin (valerian, motherwort, St. John's wort, viburnum, mint, oregano, sweet clover, lemon balm).

2. Tranquilizers (seduxen, tazepam, elenium, meproman).

3. Neuroleptics (sanopax, teralen, frenolone). Non-drug therapy includes: proper organization of work and rest; maintaining a daily routine; physical education classes; balanced diet; psychotherapy; hydrotherapy and balneotherapy; physiotherapy; massage; acupuncture (according to indications). Types of sports for vegetative dystonia in children (recreational swimming, cycling, race walking, skiing, skating). Hydrotherapy depending on the type of vegetative dystonia, physiotherapy.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

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