Hospital pediatrics. Conduction function disorders (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Hospital pediatrics. Conduction function disorders (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

15. Disorders of the conduction function

blockades are manifested by a slowdown (incomplete blockade) or complete cessation (complete blockade) of the conduction of impulses from the sinus node to the terminal branches of the conduction system of the heart.

Classification.

1. Sinoauricular blockade.

2. Intra-atrial blockade.

3. Atrioventricular blockade (I-III degree).

4. Intraventricular blockade (blockade of the legs of the bundle of His).

Sinoauricular blockade is a violation of the conduction of excitation from the sinus node to the atrial myocardium.

Causes: autonomic dysfunction with vagotonia, immaturity of the sinus node in newborns, hyperkalemia, drug intoxication, degenerative and inflammatory changes in the sinus node and myocardium. There are no complaints.

Periodic dropouts of individual contractions of the heart (complete RR cycles) appear on the ECG, and a pause equal to a double RR interval is recorded in their place.

Intra-atrial blockade is a violation of the conduction of an impulse along the interatrial pathways, as a result of which the synchronism of the activity of both atria is disturbed. Occurs in diseases with atrial enlargement in rheumatism, cardiomyopathy, heart defects.

On the ECG - a change in the amplitude and duration of the P wave, which can be split, bifurcated in lead I, double-humped in leads I, II and V.

Atrioventricular blockade degree) appears as a result of a slowdown or complete cessation of the conduction of excitation from the atria to the ventricles.

Blockade classification:

1) incomplete (I, II degree);

2) complete (III degree);

3) functional, congenital, acquired.

Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia according to the vagotonic type:

1) congenital malformations of the conducting system of the heart, combined with congenital heart defects;

2) rheumatism;

3) tachyarrhythmias;

4) progressive muscular dystrophy;

5) injuries;

6) embolism;

7) collagenosis;

8) drug intoxication (digoxin).

Treatment.

In the absence of vital indications, antiarrhythmic drugs should not be used. Of particular importance from antiarrhythmic drugs are: 10% solution of calcium chloride, 1 hour, des., Art. l. depending on age 3-4 times a day, procainamide 0,1-0,5 g 2-3 times a day, /3-blockers.

During an attack of paroxysmal tachycardia, means of mechanical excitation of the vagus nerve are used (pressure on the sinuses of the carotid artery, eyeballs, inducing a gag reflex by pressing on the root of the tongue), Isoptin is used intravenously at a dose of 0,3-0,4 ml for newborns up to 1 year - 0,4-0,8 ml, 1-5 years - 0,8-1,2 ml, 5-10 years - 1,2-1,6 ml, 10 years and older - 1,6-2,0 ml and digitalis preparations.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

<< Back: Cardiac arrhythmia in children

>> Forward: Systemic vasculitis in children

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Management. Crib

▪ Pedagogical psychology. Lecture notes

▪ Enterprise economy. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Nanoresonators will make cellular communications better 19.09.2012

In large cities, especially during mass events, problems with cellular communication are not uncommon: the network is often congested, people cannot make calls, miss incoming calls and cannot receive messages on time. Scientists at Purdue University have created tiny electrostatically powered mechanical devices that dramatically improve the performance of cell phones and other mobile devices.

Scientists have found a way to mass-produce nanoresonators that will solve many of the problems of radio networks. Currently, for a large number of mobile devices, there is often simply not enough radio frequency spectrum. To solve this problem, more accurate filters are needed that could eliminate interference and use a narrow band of a dedicated frequency for communication. Making a good tunable filter based on transistors, chokes and other "traditional" electronic components is very difficult. Another thing is nanoresonators, which also consume much less energy.

The heart of the nanoresonator is a bundle of silicon fibers about 2 microns long and 130 nanometers wide - about 1000 times thinner than a human hair. When alternating current is applied, the silicon fibers begin to vibrate from side to side or up/down. The frequency and direction of vibration can be tuned with high precision, and nanocavities are cheap to manufacture, and millions of such devices can be "packaged" into a single microchip and integrated into conventional electronics.

Nanoresonators can find application not only in communication technologies. Based on them, you can create tiny sensors to detect and measure the constituents of complex substances, such as certain proteins or DNA molecules. Nanoresonators can also be used in medical gas analyzers, the food industry, for monitoring water quality, detecting chemical warfare agents, etc.

Other interesting news:

▪ telephoto lens for phone

▪ Mindful sleep preparation helps you fall asleep

▪ Restored photosensitivity of cells after the death of a donor

▪ How many dinosaurs have not yet been discovered

▪ Nuvem transatlantic fiber optic internet cable

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Welding equipment. Article selection

▪ article Four legs for five objects. Tips for the home master

▪ article Why don't all trees have growth rings? Detailed answer

▪ article Gledichia prickly. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Dual-channel oscilloscope for PC. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Fast square root extraction. Focus secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews