Table of contents (expand)
36. Classification of chronic hepatitis. Fundamentals of chronic diffuse liver diseases
Classification of chronic hepatitis.
1. Viral (B, C, D, E, F, G).
2. Autoimmune (Epstein-Barr viruses, cytomegaly, Coxsackie, herpes simplex).
3. Medicinal (tuberculostatics, phenothiazines, poisonous mushrooms, DDT and its analogues).
4. Cryptogenic (etiology not established, possibly viral). Cirrhosis of the liver in childhood is rare, but occupies a significant place among liver diseases in children.
Etiology: acute viral hepatitis (B, C, D), vascular disorders (Buddy-Chiari syndrome and disease), narrowing v. portae - congenital or due to inflammation.
Clinical manifestations: enlarged, bumpy, dense liver with necessarily enlarged spleen. Pronounced systemic disorders, complications (dilation of the veins of the esophagus, stomach, hemorrhoidal veins (collaterals between v. portae and vena cava), morphological - massive inflammation in the portal tracts and hexagonal lobules, regenerated nodes, fibrosis, degeneration of hepatocytes in combination with their necrosis .
Basics of therapy for chronic diffuse liver diseases.
One of the main mechanisms of liver cell destruction is excessive activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depletion of the antioxidant defense system.
Pharmacological regulation of lipid peroxidation by hepatoprotectors and antioxidants is the most important direction in the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
For viral CKD, antiviral drugs: viferon (recombinant interferon-referon with the addition of antioxidants, interferonintron A); it is possible with a preliminary short course of prednisolone.
Basic (non-drug) therapy is traditional and is prescribed to all patients, regardless of the etiology of liver damage. It includes a protective regimen (limitation of physical activity, bed rest during periods of exacerbations), adequate medical nutrition (table No. 5, during exacerbations - 5a), a complex of multivitamins.
Important - prevention of gastrointestinal dysfunction and intestinal autointoxication (appointment of enzymes, eubiotics, laxatives). Hepatoprotectors and antioxidants are used only in sick children with inflammatory activity and hyperenzymemia. Herbal preparations with membrane-stabilizing, antitoxic and choleretic effects (karsil, legalon, hepatofalk, LIV-52, galstena, hepabene, tykveol, hofitol, heptral, silimar, tanacechol, etc.). Relief of cholestasis - adsorbents (cholestyramine, bilignin, polyfepam), heptral, ursodeoxycholic acid preparations (ursofalk, ursosan), hemo and plasmasorption. With pronounced cytolysis and violation of the protein-synthetic and detoxification functions of the liver - intravenous administration of detoxification agents (polyionic buffer solutions, 5% glucose solution), protein preparations (albumin, plasma, freshly heparinized blood, coagulation factors), amino acid solutions (alvezin , aminofuzin, hepasteril, aminosteril); methods of extracorporeal detoxification.
Author: Pavlova N.V.
<< Back: Classification of eximopathy
>> Forward: Complications after the use of drugs
We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:
▪ Commercial activity. Crib
▪ Roman law. Crib
▪ Age-related psychology. Crib
See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven
09.05.2024
Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>
Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5
09.05.2024
Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024
Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>
| Random news from the Archive Protein hydrogel for drug delivery
28.09.2019
A team of scientists from the Tandon School of Engineering at New York University (USA) has created the first biocompatible protein-based drug delivery system that is so durable that it can live in the body for more than two weeks and is able to provide a sustained release of drugs. This hydrogel is an important step for the future of drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks that turn from solution to gel in response to physical or chemical influences, such as temperature or an acidic environment. In these polymer matrices, like in a capsule, loads such as small molecules can be placed. The new hydrogel consists of one protein domain (section of the protein polypeptide chain) and passes from solution to gel at low temperatures. It exhibits many of the same properties as a synthetic hydrogel. Its main advantage is biocompatibility, so it is best used in biomedicine.
In their experiment, the scientists placed a curcumin molecule in a hydrogel. They found that the hydrogel is stabilized by the molecular entanglement of protein nanofibers, creating a porous matrix capable of binding a small molecule that is afraid of water. Together with this molecule, the entanglement of the fibers increases, which ensures the mechanical integrity and thermal stability of the hydrogel. Due to this, the hydrogel, when it enters the human body, is destroyed more slowly, and the drug is released longer.
Going forward, the researchers will try to develop protein hydrogels that can respond to specific temperatures for various drug delivery applications.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ To get on a plane, just show your watch
▪ New LED lamps from LG
▪ Alcohol advertising affects teenagers
▪ Cat vaccination
▪ Revolutionary smartphone from Nokia
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site for the radio amateur-designer. Article selection
▪ article Iron heel. Popular expression
▪ article Who and when used pop music to convey a message in Morse code? Detailed answer
▪ article Mulberry tree. Legends, cultivation, methods of application
▪ article Semiautomatic device for an eternal lamp. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Operation of receivers NTV-1000 and NTV-2000 with dual-band converters. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese