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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Mulberry (here, mulberry tree). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Mulberry (here, mulberry tree), Morus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Mulberry (Morus) Family: Mulberry (Moraceae) Origin: The mulberry comes from China and Southeast Asia. Area: Mulberry is distributed in many countries of the world, including China, Korea, Japan, USA, Italy, Spain, Iran and other regions. Chemical composition: Mulberry contains various biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, calcium, iron and other trace elements. Economic value: Mulberry is widely used in the food industry, medicine and the textile industry. Its fruits, known as mulberries, are used to make juices, preserves, jams, sweets, and as an ingredient in various dishes. Mulberry is also prescribed in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumor agent. In the textile industry, mulberry leaves are used to feed silkworms, which produce silk fiber for the textile industry. In addition, mulberry trees are popular in landscaping as ornamental plants. Legends, myths, symbolism: In Chinese mythology, mulberry is associated with the legend of Zun Tzu, who discovered sericulture. According to legend, Zun Tzu collected several mulberries to feed his silkworms. He noticed that they turned into cocoons and their silk material was incredibly soft and durable. This led to the establishment of the silkworm industry and the production of silk. In Greek mythology, the mulberry tree is associated with the goddess Athena. According to legend, she taught women weaving and once asked Artemis (goddess of the hunt) to give her some rare fabric. Artemis replied that such fabric could only be obtained from silkworm cocoons. Athena decided to grow mulberries and silkworms, and then silk production began in Greece. In Korean culture, mulberry is a symbol of longevity and prosperity. There, people believe that the life of a tree can last longer than 100 years, and therefore it is a symbol of longevity. In addition, mulberry is associated with wealth and good fortune, and as such can be used as a gift for important occasions.
Mulberry (here, mulberry tree), Morus. Description, illustrations of the plant Mulberry (mulberry tree), Morus L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Tree 15-20 m high, with a spherical crown. Leaves entire or lobed, elongated, toothed. The plant is dioecious. Male flowers are small, collected in a catkin-shaped inflorescence; female - short-leaved, in the form of spikelets. The fruit is a false berry-drupe, similar to raspberries, white, red, black. Blooms in May. East China is considered to be the birthplace of mulberry, where it was cultivated at the dawn of civilization. From China, mulberry spread to Central and South Asia, and later to Transcaucasia. It was brought to Europe in the XNUMXth century. Mulberry is drought-resistant, photophilous, undemanding to the soil. Propagated by seeds, cuttings, and cultivated varieties and decorative forms - by grafting (budding). In mid-latitude conditions, propagation by seeds is preferable. When sowing in the nursery, two-year-old seedlings are obtained, which are planted in a permanent place in the spring. Care of seedlings consists in removing weeds, watering, loosening the soil. Trees for the winter must be covered so that mice and hares do not damage them. Mulberry is a dioecious plant, therefore, for five or six female plants, one male should be planted or a branch of the male should be grafted onto the crown of the female. When fruiting begins, the plants are fed. In autumn, the shoots are cut, leaving no more than 20 cm in length. The fruits ripen in May-June. Sweet mulberry fruits contain a lot of sugars; there are proteins, fats, pectins, vitamins B1, B2, PP, carotene. Very little vitamin C and citric acid (the latter is more in pink fruits). Of the minerals, most of all in mulberry potassium; in terms of its content, along with blackcurrant, it is the leader among fruit and berry crops. In addition to the listed substances, black fruits contain dyes and tannins. The latter are especially abundant in wood (35%). The leaves contain rubber, organic acids, carotene and essential oil.
Since ancient times, the people have used dried mulberry fruits and leaves as a decoction for colds and cardiovascular diseases. At home, the plants are treated with an infusion of bark and roots for hypertension, bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Pharmacological studies have established the antimicrobial effect of fruit infusion. It is used as an expectorant and antitussive. Thanks to pectin and tannins, mulberry has a strong astringent property and is used for dysentery and dysbacteriosis. The bark of the trunk is used as a wound healing, and the leaves as an antipyretic. Mulberry fruits are processed into juice, syrup, jam, jam, marshmallow, jam, etc. Dried fruits are used as raisins, and dried and ground into flour are added to the dough when baking bread and cookies. A thick juice is obtained from the fruits - bekmes, wine, vinegar, syrup - a concentrate of nutrients. Mulberry leaves are food for the silkworm. Durable wood is used to make musical instruments, furniture, barrels, etc. The tree is decorative. Due to its unpretentiousness to growing conditions and the ability to easily tolerate pruning and shearing, it is a valuable component of park and roadside plantings. Of particular great interest are garden forms - large-leaved and weeping with spherical and umbrella-shaped crowns. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Mulberry (here, mulberry tree), Morus. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
Mulberry, here, mulberry tree, - the genus Morus L. belongs to the Moraseae family, unites 24 species. In culture, 2 species have spread: white here (Morus alba L.) and black here, black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Mulberry fruits are eaten. Species of the genus are distributed in East and Southeast Asia, on the Sunda Islands, in India, as well as in Africa and America, that is, in the temperate, subtropical and tropical zones. The main original natural species are found in China. Descriptions of plants. Plants are dioecious, sometimes monoecious. The infructescence consists of nuts included in fleshy and juicy perianths. Here white (Morus alba L.) is a tree up to 15-20 m high (in the figure - above). Seed fruit 0,7-4 cm long, white, yellow, pink, red or purple-black, juicy, sweet; contain up to 22% sugars (mostly monosaccharides), 1,5% nitrogenous substances, 0,1% phosphoric acid. They are used as food in fresh or dried form, and they are also prepared in syrup (bekmez). Marshmallow, jam, syrup, wine, vinegar are made from fresh seedlings. Dry residues after squeezing the juice are used as a coffee substitute. Dried seeds are ground and added to flour for baking cakes. Dried seeds are very tasty, they are stored for a long time and replace sugar. In the history of the peoples of Central Asia, sugar was replaced by raisins and sultanas, dried apricots, melons, and tut. White mulberry leaves serve as food for silkworm larvae, so mulberry is the basis of industrial sericulture in all climatic zones. The largest producers of natural silk: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, China, Japan, Korea, India. In Central Asia, white is cultivated here as a fruit and ornamental tree in the Caucasus, southern Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Moldova. Trees are durable, live up to 300 years. Lives wild in East China, North Korea, Republic of Korea.
Propagated mainly by seeds, rarely by grafting; fruits ripen in temperate and subtropical zones in May - June, in tropical - in April-May. There is black, black mulberry (Morus nigra L) - a tree up to 15 m high, with a large spreading crown, leaves are whole or notched, the teeth along the edge of the leaf are larger than those of white mulberry. Seedlings 1,2-2,5 m long, when mature, black, dark purple, glossy, compact, very juicy, sour-sweet, they are tastier than white mulberries (below in the figure). In tropical conditions, the quality of the fruit is higher if the previous winter was characterized by cold weather. In this case, the need for black mulberry in low temperatures is manifested for normal bookmarking and differentiation of fruit buds. The leaves are denser and tougher, and therefore less suitable for rearing silkworm larvae. Cultivated in the Caucasus, Central Asia, Crimea, Moldova, Ukraine, but much less frequently than white here. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Mulberry white. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
A tree with a spreading spherical crown, sometimes weeping, 6-15 m high, monoecious, rarely dioecious. It lives wild in China and Korea. Cultivated in many countries. Central Asia and Transcaucasia serve as large areas of cultivation, it is cultivated in Ukraine and Moldova. Infructescence up to 4 cm long, cylindrical, conical or round, white, yellow, pink, juicy, sugary-sweet, easily falling when mature. The fruits ripen in July - August. Ripe fruits contain 9-18% (sometimes, depending on the variety, 24-25) sugars, represented mainly by glucose and fructose, about 1,5% nitrogenous substances, organic acids (1,5-4% citric and malic, 0,1 , 4% phosphoric acid), about 23% iron, pectin, tannins. The seeds contain 33-3% fatty oil. The leaves contain up to 0,0025% rubber, organic acids (oxalic, tartaric, malic, citric), carotene, 1% essential oil, similar in composition to the tea leaf essential oil, a large set of vitamins - B2, B6, BXNUMX, PP, as well as sterols. Tannins are found in all parts of the plant. The leaves and wood contain the pigment morin. The leaves serve as food for silkworm larvae and are thus the basis of industrial sericulture. The bast of the plant has long been used to produce coarse fabrics, ropes, paper, and carpet dyes. Rough packing containers were woven from young branches - baskets for fruits, grapes. The fruits are eaten fresh and dried, as well as in the form of syrups, jams. Bekmes (artificial honey), wine, vinegar are obtained from them. The ground dry fruits are added to flour when baking cakes. Due to the high sugar content, powdered dry fruits are very hygroscopic and, when stored in an insufficiently dry room, cake into a solid mass. Dried fruits are tasty and replace sugar, they can be stored for a long time. The dry remains of the fruit after squeezing the juice out of them are used as a coffee substitute.
An infusion of leaves is indicated for beriberi, as a general tonic. The hypoglycemic effect of preparations from mulberry leaves has also been established. The fruits are a good hematopoietic agent (due to the high iron content), contribute to the normalization of metabolism, have a mild laxative, diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant effect. In Chinese medicine, the bark of mulberry roots was used for hypertension, bronchitis and bronchial asthma; trunk bark - as a wound healing, for heart diseases, leaves - as an antipyretic. In folk medicine, the leaves, root bark and syrup from the seedlings were used for gastric colic, as a mild laxative, as an expectorant and antitussive. On the island of Java, an infusion of young leaves was recommended to nursing mothers. Black mulberry is cultivated mainly in the south of Ukraine. Its leaves are denser and more rigid than those of the white, which is why it is less suitable for feeding silkworm larvae. Its fruits are tastier, the iron content in them reaches 6,5%. It is used similarly to white mulberry. In Georgian folk medicine, unripe fruits of black mulberry were used for diarrhea as an astringent, infusion of ripe fruits - as a diaphoretic, diuretic and mild laxative. Outwardly, the infusion of fruits and their juice was used for rinsing with inflammation of the oral cavity, and the crushed bark of the trunks with vegetable oil was used as a wound healing. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
White mulberry, Morus alba. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
White mulberry leaves are a food source for silkworm larvae, the pupae of which are used to produce natural silk. Hence the name of this plant genus. The specific name is associated with two features of this species: firstly, white fruits (less often, the fruits are red or even black, which distinguishes it from the related black mulberry with always black fruits) and, secondly, a light trunk (unlike black mulberries with a dark trunk). Deciduous tree up to 15-18 m high. The roots are branched and go deep into the ground. The trunk and old branches are gray-red, while the young branches are greyish-green. The crown is spreading, forms the shape of a ball. The leaves are oval and broadly ovate, unequal at the base, pointed, petiolate, serrated along the edge, 5-15 cm long, veined, soft, tender, growing alternately and very densely. On one tree, the leaves can be not only of different sizes, but also of different shapes. They are located on shoots of two types: elongated vegetative and shortened fruitful. The leaves are dark green in summer and turn straw yellow in autumn. The flowers are unisexual (rarely bisexual), collected in inflorescences: staminate (male) - in drooping cylindrical ears, pistillate (female) - in short oval on very short peduncles. The axis of the inflorescence expands during fruiting, forming seedlings from numerous nuts enclosed in overgrown fleshy and juicy pericarp. Blooms in April-May. All parts of the plant contain a milky sap that is released when its organs are damaged. Seed fruit - fleshy polydrupes, up to 4 cm long, resemble blackberries or raspberries in shape, cylindrical, most often white, but can be painted pink or red. The fruits are soft and from a slight shaking of the tree fall to the ground. The taste is cloyingly sweet, but in terms of richness of taste it is inferior to black mulberry. Ripe in May-June White mulberry originates from the eastern regions of China, where it has been cultivated for about four thousand years as food for the silkworm. From China, the mulberry spread to Central Asia, Afghanistan, North India, Pakistan, Iran, and somewhat later - to the Transcaucasus. Approximately in the VI century appeared in Georgia. In Europe it has been known since the XNUMXth century, in America - not earlier than the XNUMXth century. Grows in Moldova, the Caucasus, southern Ukraine and Central Asia, in the central region of Russia, Primorye, the Far East. In general, white mulberry has become widely naturalized from India, Afghanistan and Iran to Spain and Portugal, throughout the Mediterranean. It grows in settlements and their environs, along roadsides, in wastelands, in shelterbelts. In the middle of the XNUMXth century, white mulberry became widespread in Eastern Europe, in connection with the agroforestry work to combat drought and the creation of shelterbelts. White mulberry leaves contain tannins (3,2-3,7%), flavonoids (up to 1%), coumarins, organic acids, resins, essential oils (0,03-0,04), sterols (β-sitosterol, capesterin). The fruits contain up to 12% sugars (sometimes up to 23%), represented mainly by monosaccharides, about 1,5% nitrogenous substances, 0,1% phosphoric acid, flavonoids, carotene, pectin, organic acids (succinic, oxalic, malic, lemon, wine), a little vitamin C and tannins. In addition, mulberry contains calcium, potassium, iron, fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic, etc.), essential oils, resins, amino acids, flavonoids, carotene, coumarins, aldehydes, pectins, steroids and much more. White mulberry is a dietary product, so it can be consumed by everyone. Dried fruits can be used instead of sugar. White mulberry has a diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative, hypoglycemic, bactericidal and expectorant effect. It relieves fever and reduces temperature, regulates fat and carbohydrate metabolism, lowers cholesterol, cleanses the blood, soothes, tones and strengthens the immune system. White mulberry is able to cope with the following diseases: colds, coughs, bronchitis, asthma, tonsillitis; hypertension, dystrophy of the heart and blood vessels, heart disease; dropsy, pneumonia; skin tuberculosis, eczema, wounds, cuts, external and internal ulcers, allergies; rheumatism; diarrhea; anemia, dizziness, tinnitus, beriberi, anemia; type XNUMX diabetes mellitus; hypofunction of the kidneys, dysbacteriosis, jaundice, pancreatitis, gastric colic; obesity, heartburn; hair loss. Mulberries are also taken to stabilize the cardiovascular system and regulate digestive processes. It relieves toothache, restores vision, and serves as a preventive measure for clogged arteries and stroke. Limit the use of mulberries should be patients with hypertension and people with high sugar content. As a side effect with excessive consumption of fruits, diarrhea may occur. In addition, you should know that berries and mulberry juice do not mix well with other fruits and juices, causing fermentation in the intestines, so they, like melon, should be consumed separately - two hours before or two hours after another meal. You should not drink cold water immediately after the berries, as this will lead to bloating, rumbling and stomach problems. The harm of mulberry can also occur in case of its individual intolerance. In addition to their nutritional qualities, white mulberry leaves are the preferred food for silkworms and can be used to feed cattle and goats. Mulberry wood can be used to make household crafts and utensils. In the homeland of the mulberry tree, in China, paper was produced from it. Musical instruments were made from wood with high hardness, and strings were made from silk threads (twisted), believing in an inexplicable harmony between the parts of the tree. Boxes, souvenirs and dishes made of mulberry wood are delightful.
Mulberry propagation occurs by seeds and vegetatively - green and lignified cuttings, grafting, layering and offspring. The mulberry seeds of the current year's harvest in the middle or end of October are cleaned of pulp and, after standing for 1-2 hours in a growth stimulator solution, are sown in the ground. If you decide to postpone sowing to early spring, you will have to pre-stratify the seeds for 1-2 months. You can replace stratification with pre-sowing preparation - in the spring, before sowing, hold the seeds for a day in cold water, and then for a day in water with a temperature of 50-53 ° C. On an unshaded sunny bed, make grooves and spill them with water, adding fertilizer for fruit and berry crops to it. Sow small mulberry seeds as infrequently as you can, to a depth of 3-5 cm, and after planting the seeds in the ground, water abundantly and mulch the bed. When sown in autumn, the layer of mulch should be thicker than in spring so that the seeds do not die in winter. Seedling care consists of regular watering, fertilizing and weeding the beds. By autumn, the seedlings will be large and developed enough to be planted at a distance of 3 to 5 m, depending on the variety of mulberry. After 5-6 years, the mulberry seed will begin to bear fruit. The disadvantage of seed propagation is that seedlings may not inherit or not fully inherit the characteristics of the mother plant, so they are most often used as rootstocks for budding. Own-rooted mulberries can be propagated by green cuttings, but reproduction in this way is possible only with the help of an installation that forms a fine water mist in the greenhouse. In June or July, when intensive growth begins at the mulberry, you need to cut cuttings 15-20 cm long with two or three buds from shoots and plant them in a greenhouse at an angle of 45 degrees, deepening the lower cut into loose soil by 3 cm. Leave on the handle 1-2 top sheets, shortening the leaf plate by half, and create a high humidity environment in the greenhouse. By autumn, the cuttings will already start up new shoots and acquire a strong root system, but it will be possible to plant them in the ground only next spring. In addition to green cuttings, semi-lignified cuttings are also used for rooting, cutting them off at the same time. The order of growing mulberries from woody cuttings is exactly the same as from green cuttings, the only difference is that they take root more slowly. Mulberry from cuttings also completely inherits the characteristics of the mother plant. Growing mulberries from seedlings begins with their planting, which is best done in April, before the start of sap flow, or in September-October, before the start of the rainy season. Experienced gardeners prefer autumn planting: if the plant survives the winter, then it will have a long life. In order to correctly determine the place for mulberry, you need to know its preferences. It is photophilous and requires protection from the cold wind, does not like dry sandy soil, saline or marshy soil, and the occurrence of groundwater should not be higher than 1,5 m. Trees with male flowers do not bear fruit by themselves, but find out what sex your seedling, you will only be able to in 4-5 years. Therefore, to avoid unpleasant surprises, purchase three-year-old mulberry seedlings that have already given their first offspring. The size of the planting pit, which must be prepared at least a couple of weeks before planting, depends on the root system of the seedling: it should be located freely in the pit. The average size of the pit is 50x50x50 cm. If the soil in the area is poor, the depth of the pit should be greater, because 5-7 kg of rotted manure or compost mixed with 100 g of superphosphate, which is covered with a layer of soil, is placed on its bottom so that there is no contact between fertilizer and seedling roots. Two weeks later, mulberries are planted: the roots of the seedling are lowered into the pit, straightened and added dropwise, slightly shaking the stem so that there are no voids in the soil. After planting, the surface in the trunk circle is compacted, watered with two buckets of water, and when it is absorbed, the trunk circle is mulched. If your seedling is too thin and fragile, drive a support into the bottom of the pit before planting it, to which, after planting, tie the tree, and if you plant mulberries in heavy clay soil, first place a broken brick on the bottom of the pit as a drainage layer. Spring planting of mulberries is no different from autumn, except that pits have been dug since autumn, a fertile mixture is laid in them and left until spring, and planting is completed in April. Since the length of daylight hours in the middle lane does not meet the requirements of the culture, the mulberry in the northern growing regions has two growing seasons per year - spring and autumn. Its amazing ability to form a cork tissue between the mature part of the shoot and its unripened part allows the tree to drop unviable shoot segments in the fall and overwinter normally. Therefore, in the autumn in the middle lane, one can observe not only the fall of mulberry leaves, but also the fall of shoots.
Black mulberry, Morus nigra. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
Mulberry leaves (in particular, white mulberry) are a source of nutrition for silkworm larvae, the pupae of which are used to produce natural silk. Hence the name of this genus. The specific name is associated with two features of this species: firstly, a dark-colored trunk (which distinguishes it from the related white mulberry with a light trunk) and, secondly, always black fruits (there is no black mulberry with white fruits, but white mulberry with black fruits - maybe). A large deciduous tree up to 20-30 meters high (larger than white mulberry) with a trunk darker than that of a relative. The leaves are also much larger than those of the white one - 10-20 cm long and 6-10 cm wide, covered with fluff below. The flowers are unisexual (rarely bisexual), collected in inflorescences: staminate (male) - in drooping cylindrical ears, pistillate (female) - in short oval on very short peduncles. The axis of the inflorescence expands during fruiting, forming seedlings from numerous nuts enclosed in overgrown fleshy and juicy pericarp. Blooms in April - May. All parts of the plant contain a milky sap that is released when its organs are damaged. The fruit is a dark purple, almost black polydrupe 2-4 cm long. Black mulberry fruits look very similar to blackberry fruits. Edible, sweet taste. Black mulberry comes from Southwest Asia (Iran, Afghanistan), where it has been cultivated since ancient times for its edible fruits and has spread widely to the west and east. It is now most widely distributed in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Northern India, where it is often used to make jams and sorbets. Cultivated as a fruit tree in Ukraine. It grows in settlements and their environs, along roadsides, in wastelands, in shelterbelts. Ripe fruits contain plant antioxidant - resveratrol. This substance protects the plant from various types of parasites, bacteria, fungi. The value of mulberries is provided by such substances in its composition as: ash and dietary fiber, organic acids, vitamins A, B1, C, K, PP, B3, beta-carotene, a set of minerals and trace elements, in particular - potassium, magnesium, calcium , sodium, selenium, zinc, iron, etc., a number of organic acids, mono- and disaccharides. Despite the fact that mulberry is so rich in nutrients, it is considered a low-calorie product - 100 grams of its berries provide only 50,4 Kcal, which allows their use in dietary nutrition and for weight loss. they gently cleanse the intestines, removing toxins. Black mulberry berries are delicate and fragrant with a sweet and sour taste, but are not subject to long-term storage. They are eaten fresh, dried, and also boiled and made into wine. Black mulberry will replace coffee for hypotensive patients, and reduce appetite in case of obesity. Due to the density of a beautiful crown, the tree is included in the complex for landscaping residential areas, it is planted for protection along roads (but in this case it is better not to eat berries). Mulberry wood is highly valued - it is dense, resilient and heavy. It is used as a building and ornamental material in carpentry and cooperage industries. In Central Asia, it is also used to make musical instruments. Mulberry propagation occurs by seeds and vegetatively - green and lignified cuttings, grafting, layering and offspring. The mulberry seeds of the current year's harvest in the middle or end of October are cleaned of pulp and, after standing for 1-2 hours in a growth stimulator solution, are sown in the ground. If you decide to postpone sowing to early spring, you will have to pre-stratify the seeds for 1-2 months. You can replace stratification with pre-sowing preparation - in the spring, before sowing, hold the seeds for a day in cold water, and then for a day in water with a temperature of 50-53 ° C. On an unshaded sunny bed, make grooves and spill them with water, adding fertilizer for fruit and berry crops to it. Sow small mulberry seeds as infrequently as you can, to a depth of 3-5 cm, and after planting the seeds in the ground, water abundantly and mulch the bed. When sown in autumn, the layer of mulch should be thicker than in spring so that the seeds do not die in winter. Seedling care consists of regular watering, fertilizing and weeding the beds. By autumn, the seedlings will be large and developed enough to be planted at a distance of 3 to 5 m, depending on the variety of mulberry. After 5-6 years, the mulberry seed will begin to bear fruit. The disadvantage of seed propagation is that seedlings may not inherit or not fully inherit the characteristics of the mother plant, so they are most often used as rootstocks for budding. Own-rooted mulberries can be propagated by green cuttings, but reproduction in this way is possible only with the help of an installation that forms a fine water mist in the greenhouse. In June or July, when intensive growth begins at the mulberry, you need to cut cuttings 15-20 cm long with two or three buds from shoots and plant them in a greenhouse at an angle of 45?, deepening the lower cut into loose soil by 3 cm. Leave on the handle 1-2 top sheets, shortening the leaf plate by half, and create a high humidity environment in the greenhouse. By autumn, the cuttings will already start up new shoots and acquire a strong root system, but it will be possible to plant them in the ground only next spring. In addition to green cuttings, semi-lignified cuttings are also used for rooting, cutting them off at the same time. The order of growing mulberries from woody cuttings is exactly the same as from green cuttings, the only difference is that they take root more slowly. Mulberry from cuttings also completely inherits the characteristics of the mother plant.
Growing mulberries from seedlings begins with their planting, which is best done in April, before the start of sap flow, or in September-October, before the start of the rainy season. Experienced gardeners prefer autumn planting: if the plant survives the winter, then it will have a long life. In order to correctly determine the place for mulberry, you need to know its preferences. It is photophilous and requires protection from the cold wind, does not like dry sandy soil, saline or marshy soil, and the occurrence of groundwater should not be higher than 1,5 m. Trees with male flowers do not bear fruit by themselves, but find out what sex your seedling, you will only be able to in 4-5 years. Therefore, to avoid unpleasant surprises, purchase three-year-old mulberry seedlings that have already given their first offspring. The size of the planting pit, which must be prepared at least a couple of weeks before planting, depends on the root system of the seedling: it should be located freely in the pit. The average size of the pit is 50x50x50 cm. If the soil in the area is poor, the depth of the pit should be greater, because 5-7 kg of rotted manure or compost mixed with 100 g of superphosphate, which is covered with a layer of soil, is placed on its bottom so that there is no contact between fertilizer and seedling roots. Two weeks later, mulberries are planted: the roots of the seedling are lowered into the pit, straightened and added dropwise, slightly shaking the stem so that there are no voids in the soil. After planting, the surface in the trunk circle is compacted, watered with two buckets of water, and when it is absorbed, the trunk circle is mulched. If your seedling is too thin and fragile, drive a support into the bottom of the pit before planting it, to which, after planting, tie the tree, and if you plant mulberries in heavy clay soil, first place a broken brick on the bottom of the pit as a drainage layer. Spring planting of mulberries is no different from autumn, except that pits have been dug since autumn, a fertile mixture is laid in them and left until spring, and planting is completed in April. Since the length of daylight hours in the middle lane does not meet the requirements of the culture, the mulberry in the northern growing regions has two growing seasons per year - spring and autumn. Its amazing ability to form a cork tissue between the mature part of the shoot and its unripened part allows the tree to drop unviable shoot segments in the fall and overwinter normally. Therefore, in the autumn in the middle lane, one can observe not only the fall of mulberry leaves, but also the fall of shoots.
Mulberry. Useful information about the plant
In Europe, two types of mulberries grow - white and black. The fruits ripen in July - August, contain 24-25% sugars. Use them fresh, dry, cook different products. In the Caucasus, bekmez is boiled from the juice of the fruit - something like molasses. In Central Asia, the fruits are dried and ground into flour for pancakes, oatmeal, shortcakes, reminiscent of candied fruit in taste. Vinegar, wine are prepared from juice, vodka is distilled. In the Caucasus, lavash is made from mulberry, added to plum lavash. Black mulberry fruits are eaten for anemia, diseases of the heart and stomach. Juice and decoction of the fruit is used for rinsing in diseases of the throat, and syrup - as a diaphoretic. An infusion of mulberry bark has an anthelmintic effect. Cider is obtained from mulberry fruits, vodka is driven. The famous chacha in the Caucasus in most cases is expelled from mulberry. Author: Reva M.L.
Mulberry (here, mulberry tree), Morus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Mulberry (here, mulberry tree), Morus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Mulberry (here, mulberry tree) is a fruit tree that is grown for tasty and healthy fruits. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing mulberries: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
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