Hospital pediatrics. Intestinal microflora in children. Features (most important)

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Hospital pediatrics. Intestinal microflora in children. Features (most important)

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31. Intestinal microflora in children. Functions

Three phases of microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in a child: the first - aseptic, lasting from 10 to 20 hours; the second - the initial colonization by microorganisms, the duration is from 2 to 4 days, depending on external environmental factors, the nature of nutrition and the time of breastfeeding; the third - stabilization of microflora (up to 1 month).

The intestinal microflora is a complex, dynamically balanced ecosystem. Contains over 500 different types of bacteria. 1 g of feces contains more than 1011 bacteria. The intestinal microflora is subject to frequent disturbances under the influence of adverse factors. Most of the intestinal microorganisms are the so-called obligate (indigenous) microflora (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, etc.). 92-95% of the intestinal microflora consists of obligate anaerobes.

Facultative (UP and saprophytic) microflora is unstable, has no significant biological functions, is represented by bacteria - citrobacters, micrococci, proteus, yeast-like fungi, clostridia. The composition of the intestinal microflora is quite individual and is formed in the first days of a child's life. An important factor in the formation of normal intestinal microflora is natural feeding.

Women's milk contains a large number of substances that contribute to the colonization of the intestines by certain types of microorganisms in certain quantities (staphylococcus, etc.). The composition of the intestinal flora of a child after two years is practically the same as that of an adult: the majority are anaerobes, which are difficult to cultivate.

The density of bacteria in the stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon is 1, 10, 100 and 1 thousand, respectively, in 000 ml of intestinal contents. Functions of the intestinal microflora.

1. Protective:

1) a barrier against microbial contamination (acidic environment, colony competition);

2) a decrease in the permeability of the mucous membrane for macromolecules.

2. Immune:

1) synthesis of immune defense factors (lysozyme, complement, properdin);

2) stimulation of the maturation of the lymphoid apparatus of the intestine and the synthesis of Ig;

3) stimulation of maturation of phagocytes.

3. Metabolic:

1) synthesis of B vitamins;

2) iron metabolism;

3) the exchange of bile acids.

4. Digestive:

1) the breakdown of carbohydrates;

2) synthesis of enzymes;

3) parietal digestion;

4) regulation of absorption;

5) stimulation of gastrointestinal motility.

Author: Pavlova N.V.

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