Free technical library

Cinchona reddish (reddish cinchona). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Directory / Cultivated and wild plants

Comments on the article

Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Cinchona reddish (reddish cinchona), Cinchona succirubra. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Cinchona (Cinchona)

Family: Malpighiaceae (Malpighiaceae)

Origin: South America (Andes)

Area: South America (Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia)

Chemical composition: The main active substance of the plant is quinine. Quinidine, kinidine and other alkaloids are also present.

Economic value: The cinchona tree is used medicinally to treat malaria. The plant is also used in the production of soft drinks, candy, chewing gum and other products. Cinchona wood is valued for its decorative properties and is popular in carpentry.

Legends, myths, symbolism: According to legend, in 1638 the wife of a Peruvian viceroy contracted malaria, and local Indians recommended that she use cinchona bark to cure her. She was cured and recommended the medicine to European physicians, who were initially skeptical but later confirmed its effectiveness. According to another legend, the name "cinchona" comes from the name of the wife of the governor of Lima, who was cured with cinchona bark in the 1630s. In Inca mythology, the cinchona tree was considered a sacred plant and was used to treat various diseases. The cinchona reddish tree is associated with the struggle for health and life. Its use to treat malaria was a revolutionary discovery in medicine and saved many lives. In South American culture, cinchona is considered a symbol of life and prosperity. Its medicinal properties have helped save the lives of many people and have also led to the development of medicine and science in the region.

Cinchona reddish (reddish cinchona), Cinchona succirubra. Description, illustrations of the plant

Cinchona reddish (reddish cinchona), Cinchona succirubra pavon. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry

An evergreen tree with a grayish-brown bark, 15-20 m high, of the madder family (Rubiaceae).

Leaves opposite, wrinkled, broadly elliptical, up to 50 cm long.

The flowers are pink, in false umbrellas, collected at the ends of the branches in wide-pyramidal panicles. The fruit is a two-celled, brown-brown box. 2,5-3 cm long.

Seeds are flat, 4-10 mm long, light brown.

Range and habitats. The natural thickets of the cinchona tree are small. The cinchona tree is cultivated in many countries of Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka. It also uses other types.

Chemical composition. Dried bark of trunks, branches and roots (lat. Cortex Chinae) is used as a medicinal raw material, the main active ingredients of which are alkaloids, quinoline derivatives, including quinine and its stereoisomer quinidine and their 6-dimethoxy derivatives - cinchonine and cinchonidine. In medicine, quinine hydrochloride, quinine dihydrochloride and quinine sulfate are used as an antiprotozoal agent that acts on all types of malarial plasmodia. Quinidine sulfate is used as antiarrhythmic for tachycardia, atrial fibrillation; tincture, decoction - as an appetite stimulant and digestive aid.

The content of the sum of alkaloids in the bark is not less than 6,5%, of which 30-60% are quinine-type alkaloids. Alkaloids accumulate in the parenchyma of the cortex in the form associated with quinic acid. The content of quinic acid reaches 5-8%. Of the other substances of cinchona bark, quinovine (up to 2%) should be noted - a bitter glycoside that splits during hydrolysis into quinic acid and a carbohydrate - quinovose. Anthraquinones, characteristic of the Rubiaceae family, are represented in the bark by tetrahydroxyanthraquinone.

Application in medicine. Since time immemorial, local residents of South America have known about the action of decoction and cinchona bark extract. In scientific medicine, the therapeutic effect of cinchona bark became known after the wife of the Peruvian viceroy, Countess Anna Tsinkhonati, was cured of malaria, after whom the plant was named. The bark of the cinchona tree was brought to Europe in 1639. In 1820, Pelletier and Caventa isolated quinine and cinchonine from the bark. A number of other substances have been isolated. Of all the cinchona alkaloids, the most important in practical terms are quinine and quinidine.

Quinine causes depression of the central nervous system, in large doses it has a deafening effect, causes tinnitus, headache, dizziness, depresses thermoregulation, lowering body temperature, especially in febrile conditions. Large doses of quinine adversely affect vision. An important side of the action of quinine is the ability to reduce the excitability of the heart muscle, lengthen the refractory period, inhibit the conduction of impulses along the His bundle and reduce myocardial contractility.

The sinus node is more resistant to the action of quinine than the secondary centers of excitation in the heart muscle, where heterotropic impulses arise under pathological conditions. Therefore, small doses of quinine can eliminate the occurrence of excitations that cause atrial fibrillation.

Quinine increases uterine contractions in the last period of pregnancy. This effect is manifested after taking toxic doses, so attempts to use quinine for abortive purposes often end in severe poisoning.

Quinine is rapidly absorbed and quickly excreted from the body. The main property of quinine, thanks to which it has firmly entered medicine, is its ability to inhibit the vital activity of erythrocyte forms of malarial plasmodia. Quinine has no effect on gametocytes and tissue forms of the causative agent of malaria.

The pharmacological action of quinidine is in many respects similar to quinine. This is due to their chemical relationship. Quinidine is the dextrorotatory isomer of quinine. Like quinine, it has antipyretic properties, increases uterine contractions. However, it causes a more distinct bradycardia.

Under the influence of quinidine in the heart muscle, a number of changes occur: a lengthening of the refractory period, a decrease in excitability, a decrease in heart rate associated with the direct action of quinidine on the sinus node, a slowdown in the conduction of impulses, especially atrioventricular conduction (the P-Q interval on the electrocardiogram lengthens), lengthening of the electrical systole (long QT interval). In addition, quinidine improves coronary circulation, dilates the vessels of the heart.

Due to the above properties, quinidine eliminates or slows down atrial fibrillation.

Quinidine acts on the biochemical processes occurring in the heart muscle. It leads to a violation of the exchange of phosphorus macroergic compounds; reduces their formation and slows down the breakdown in tissues, lowers the adenosine triphosphatase activity of the heart muscle. It is believed that quinidine is in competition with acetylcholine for biochemical receptors that respond to endogenous acetylcholine; this explains the ability of quinidine to weaken the effect of acetylcholine on the cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles.

Quinine preparations are used for malaria. Quinine is also prescribed for atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal tachycardia, extrasystoles. Quinine weakens heart contractions even at therapeutic doses. Therefore, digitalis is sometimes prescribed beforehand.

Quinine is not prescribed to patients with circulatory failure II-III degree, with all forms of heart block, as well as in the presence of inflammatory processes.

Treatment with quinine requires special care, especially when it comes to intravenous administration of the drug. It is necessary to establish the patient's response to the introduction of quinine by careful questioning. If the patient has idiosyncrasy to quinine, intravenous administration should be avoided. Complications are possible during intravenous administration of quinine. With a sharp drop in blood pressure, frequent weak filling of the pulse, an isotonic solution of sodium chloride and various tonic substances strychnine, camphor, caffeine, ephedrine, adrenaline, corazole are injected under the skin simultaneously with quinine.

Quinine has a local irritating effect, it is recommended to inject it deep into the subcutaneous tissue in an isotonic sodium chloride solution and in weakly concentrated solutions.

Quinidine is widely used in tachyarrhythmias atrial fibrillation arising from various causes (with mitral stenosis, cardiosclerosis, thyrotoxicosis and various intoxications). Quinidine is especially effective in paroxysmal tachycardia, paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and extrasystoles. Quinidine is also used to prevent atrial fibrillation, for example, with mitral stenosis, accompanied by frequent atrial extrasystoles, with atrial flutter, attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia, but in these cases it acts worse than with atrial fibrillation.

Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.

Cinchona reddish (reddish cinchona), Cinchona succirubra. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• For the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders: decoction of cinchona bark. To prepare it, you should take 20 grams of bark and pour 200 ml of boiling water. Then insist 15 minutes and strain. Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
• For the treatment of flu and colds: a decoction of cinchona bark with the addition of ginger and honey. To prepare it, you should take 20 grams of bark, 10 grams of ginger, pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave for 15 minutes. Then strain, add 1 tablespoon of honey and take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.
• For the treatment of skin diseases: infusion from cinchona bark. To prepare it, take 10 grams of bark and pour 100 ml of boiling water. Then leave for 30 minutes, strain and apply to the skin.

Cosmetology:

• Cinchona face mask: mix 1 teaspoon cinchona bark powder with 1 teaspoon clay and enough water to make a paste. Apply to face and leave on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Cream with cinchona: add a few drops of cinchona essential oil to your favorite face or body cream. This will help improve skin tone and reduce wrinkles.
• Cinchona tonic: Add 1 teaspoon of cinchona bark powder to a glass of boiling water and let it steep for 10-15 minutes. Soak a cotton pad in the infusion and wipe your face in the morning and evening after cleansing the skin.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Cinchona reddish (reddish cinchona), Cinchona succirubra. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

The red cinchona (Cinchona succirubra) is a large evergreen tree that is used to produce kinin, used to treat malaria.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing cinchona reddish:

Cultivation:

• Cinchona reddish prefers a warm and humid climate. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical regions.
• Cinchona reddish requires well-drained soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. The plant also prefers partial shade places.
• Cinchona reddish can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
• Planting should be done during the rainy season or after watering the soil.
• The planting depth of the seeds should be approximately equal to the size of the seed. The distance between plants should be at least 1-1,5 meters.
• The cinchona reddish needs regular watering and fertilization. It is recommended to water the plant when the soil dries out and use organic fertilizers.
• The plant needs regular pruning to maintain its shape and encourage growth.
• Cinchona reddish can also be subject to pests and diseases, so it is recommended to inspect the plant regularly and apply appropriate control measures.

Workpiece:

• The bark, leaves, and stems of the cinchona tree are harvested for medicinal use.
• Leaves and stems can be used to make tinctures and decoctions.
• The bark is stored in a dry and cool place.

Storage:

• The bark is stored in a dry and cool place, protected from light.
• It is recommended to use bark that has been recently harvested, as old bark may lose its medicinal properties.
• Before use, the bark must be crushed and poured with boiling water.

It is important to note that cinchona reddish may contain certain alkaloids that may cause unwanted effects. Therefore, it is recommended to use this plant only under the supervision of an experienced physician or homeopath.

We recommend interesting articles Section Cultivated and wild plants:

▪ real cardamom

▪ Razorback prickly

▪ Planown clavate

▪ Play the game "Guess the plant from the picture"

See other articles Section Cultivated and wild plants.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

New method for creating powerful batteries 08.05.2024

With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Random news from the Archive Cultural peculiarities of perception appear by the age of two 28.02.2016 There is no need to tell once again how our individual experience affects perception: how we see the world around us depends on where we live, with whom we communicate, with whom we work, what we read, etc. People are more or less meticulous, inclined to introspection, are familiar with this from personal experience, in addition, psychologists have repeatedly studied what can be somewhat informally called cultural distortions of consciousness. But when does this influence begin? Researchers from Northwestern University, along with Chinese colleagues, conducted the following experiment: 2-year-old children from the USA and China were shown a video with some kind of repetitive action - for example, they watched a girl petting a dog. Then the video changed a little: the girl either stroked the pillow instead of the dog, or she now didn’t stroke the same dog, but kissed it. That is, either a new object appeared, or the object remained the same, but the action changed. Children paid attention to different things: two-year-old Chinese were more interested in a new action (that is, they looked more closely at a girl who suddenly started kissing a dog), and Americans were more interested in a new object (they looked at a video with a pillow). It is known from earlier experiments that adult Chinese and Americans manage attention differently: if the former mainly look at the context in which the object is located, at the events in which it is involved, then the latter, on the contrary, are mostly interested in the object itself, regardless of the environment. Also, studies of past years have revealed that American parents teach their children to engage in objects more in games, while the Japanese and Chinese emphasize the relationship between objects in children's games. Finally, it is known that by the age of seven months, children are able to follow someone else's gaze, that is, they may well understand what their parents and other people are looking at, and at the age of one year, the child already distinguishes between an "object" and an "action", "object" and "event" that happened to it. In other words, we can conclude with a high degree of certainty that the cultural characteristics of the environment already by the age of two begin to influence psychology - at least the psychology of perception. On the other hand, the difference in attention in both children's groups was not too great, from which we can conclude that "objects" and "actions" at this age have not yet completely diverged.

Other interesting news:

▪ Breathing bioaccumulators

▪ Language and color vision

▪ Ceramic motor tested

▪ Global transport system with airships

▪ Laser Air Defense System Light Shield

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Calls and audio simulators. Article selection

▪ article Rotten liberalism. Popular expression

▪ article Who is the queen bee? Detailed answer

▪ Article Barberry ordinary. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Protection of the electric motor against overloads. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Grounding and electrical safety protective measures. Protective measures for indirect contact. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024