Banking audit. The procedure for granting and repaying loans by bank clients (the most important)

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Banking audit. The procedure for granting and repaying loans by bank clients (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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29. The procedure for granting and repaying loans by bank customers

To consider the issue of obtaining a loan, a legal entity, regardless of the organizational and legal form, submits the following documents to the credit department of the bank:

1) Application for a loan indicating the amount of the loan, the purpose of use and the repayment period.

2) Legal documents.

3) Accounting statements for 3 reporting periods with a mark of the Tax Inspectorate.

4) Feasibility study or business plan.

5) Contracts and agreements of clients, confirming the effectiveness and reality of lending.

6) Documents confirming the security.

The loan inspector analyzes the information provided, makes a conclusion about the appropriateness of lending, and the credit case is submitted to the credit committee.

In case of a negative decision of the credit committee, the documents are placed in the archive, and the client is given the conclusion of the credit committee with the justified reason for the refusal set out in it. In case of a positive decision, the client and the bank conclude:

1) Loan agreement;

2) Security agreement;

3) Term obligations (provide for the right of the bank to debit funds from the borrower's account on the day of the payment date);

4) Additional agreement under the bank account agreement on granting the bank the right to directly debit funds from the borrower's account in case of late payment.

The credit department gives the accounting department an order to open a loan account, to which the above documents are attached. The quality of collateral for a loan is determined by the market value of the items received as collateral. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation establishes a list of organizations whose guarantees and guarantees are accepted as full security for loans issued (the government, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, etc.).

Registration of the operation for issuing a loan: Dt 441-457 - Kt 401-408, 30102. Security is due Dt 91301 - Kt 99999. Repayment of the loan is reflected by reverse entries.

Allocate loans:

Secured, having collateral in the form of collateral that meets the following requirements:

1) The real market value of the collateral should be sufficient to compensate for the amount of the principal debt and interest on the loan, the costs of exercising the pledge rights;

2) All legal documentation must be executed in such a way that the time required for the exercise of security rights does not exceed 150 days from the moment when it becomes necessary.

Undersecured loan - a loan secured by collateral that does not meet at least one of the above requirements.

An unsecured loan is unsecured, or has collateral that does not meet any of these requirements.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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