Banking audit. Checking compliance of credit institutions with economic standards (most important)

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Banking audit. Checking compliance of credit institutions with economic standards (most important)

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13. Verification of compliance by credit institutions with economic standards

In order to ensure the stability of the banking system, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation develops mandatory standards for commercial banks that allow assessing the state of capital, sources of resources and their ratio with assets. The list of standards and the procedure for their calculation are established by Instruction No. 1 of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation "On the Procedure for Regulating the Activities of Credit Institutions".

According to it, the following mandatory economic standards for the activities of banks are established:

1) The minimum amount of authorized capital for newly created banks;

2) The minimum amount of own funds (capital) for operating banks;

3) Capital adequacy ratio;

4) Bank liquidity ratios;

5) The maximum amount of risk per borrower or group of related borrowers;

6) The maximum size of large credit risks;

7) The maximum amount of risk per one creditor (depositor);

8) The maximum amount of risk per shareholder (participant);

9) The maximum amount of loans, guarantees and guarantees provided by the bank to its insiders;

10) The maximum amount of attracted cash deposits (deposits) of citizens;

11) The maximum amount of the bank's liabilities to non-resident banks and financial institutions - non-residents;

12) Risk ratio of the bank's own promissory notes;

13) The standard for the use of banks' own funds for the acquisition of shares (shares) of other legal entities.

Compliance with the recommended mandatory standards is of great practical importance. Compliance with economic standards is checked by employees of the supervision department on the basis of a monthly turnover sheet, certificates with the calculation of actual economic standards and a breakdown of individual balance sheets, which are monthly provided by a credit institution to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. All submitted documents must be signed by the head and chief accountant of the credit institution, who are responsible for the accuracy of the information provided. In the supervisory authorities, within 10 days, the submitted documents are considered for their reliability, and then appropriate decisions are made. In case of violation of the standards, the credit institution is subject to enforcement measures provided for by the instruction of the Central Bank of Russia No. 59 dated March 31, 03 "On the application of enforcement measures to a credit institution for violation of prudential norms of activity."

In accordance with Instruction No. 59, two types of measures are applied to credit institutions and branches: preventive and compulsory. Preventive measures - are used in the case when the shortcomings in the work of the bank do not threaten the interests of depositors and creditors.

These include:

1) Bringing to the credit institution information about shortcomings in work;

2) Statement of recommendations to eliminate the identified deficiencies;

3) Proposal of the credit institution to develop measures to eliminate the identified deficiencies;

4) Establishment of additional control.

Compulsory measures are used when shortcomings in work threaten the interests of depositors and creditors, when the application of preventive measures did not lead to an improvement in the activities of a credit institution.

Coercive measures include:

1) Fines;

2) Claims for the financial rehabilitation of a credit institution;

3) Restriction on certain types of operations for up to 6 months;

4) Ban on certain types of operations for up to 1 year;

5) Requirement to replace the head of the credit institution;

6) Introduction of a provisional administration;

7) License revocation.

Author: Shevchuk D.A.

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