Civil law. Parts I, III and IV. The concept of intellectual property (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Civil law. Parts I, III and IV. The concept of intellectual property (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

61. CONCEPT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Concept intellectual property is determined by both international acts and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

According to the Convention establishing WIPO, "intellectual property" includes rights relating to:

▪ literary, artistic and scientific works;

▪ performing activities of artists, sound recordings, radio and television broadcasts;

▪ inventions in all areas of human activity;

▪ scientific discoveries;

▪ industrial designs;

▪ trademarks, service marks, trade names and commercial designations;

▪ protection against unfair competition,

▪ as well as all other rights related to intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields.

New edition of Art. 128 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation defines intellectual property as protected results of intellectual activity and equivalent means of individualization.

Results of intellectual activity and equivalent means of individualization of legal entities, goods, works, services and enterprises that are provided with legal protection (intellectual property, objects of protection) are (Article 1225 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation):

1) works of science, literature and art;

2) programs for electronic computers (computer programs);

3) databases;

4) performance;

5) phonograms;

6) communication on the air or by cable of radio or television programs (broadcasting of on-air or cable broadcasting organizations);

7) inventions;

8) utility models;

9) industrial designs;

10) selection achievements;

11) topology of integrated circuits;

12) production secrets (know-how);

13) trade names;

14) trademarks and service marks;

15) names of places of origin of goods;

16) commercial designations.

Components of the concept of "intellectual property" historically considered literary (artistic) and industrial property.

Berne Convention on the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 1886 refers to the objects of literary (artistic) property works of science, literature and art.

Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883 considers inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks, service marks, trade names and appellations of origin to be objects of industrial property protection. The development of technology, technology, economics leads to the emergence of new objects of intellectual property.

Since January 1, 2008, a new concept has been introduced in the legislation of Russia - "intellectual rights", which refers to the rights to the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization equivalent to them. Intellectual rights include exclusive rights (property rights), personal non-property and other rights.

<< Back: Bank guarantee. Deposit

>> Forward: The concept of exclusive right

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ International private law. Crib

▪ outpatient pediatrics. Lecture notes

▪ Childhood diseases. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Opioid pain reliever without side effects 07.03.2017

Opioid drugs act as a powerful pain reliever, but have a number of side effects and can be addictive. But now this problem has been solved: German scientists have created a drug that effectively copes with pain and does not have a negative effect on the patient at all.

Opiate-based drugs have many disadvantages. They often bring the patient both minor discomfort, such as intestinal obstruction, and serious life-threatening, such as respiratory distress syndrome. But modern medicine cannot refuse opiates: they cope with pain extremely effectively. Unfortunately, until now, scientists have not been able to make opioid drugs bring only one benefit.

But that problem is in the past. Researchers have developed a new type of opioid that selectively targets only inflamed tissues. Theoretically, such a drug will not only relieve pain, but also will not cause side effects and addiction. The invention has already been tested on rats, and the result was purely positive, so that in the near future a new drug can become a real panacea for various types of pain.

Opioids act on special receptors located throughout the human body. The molecules of the substance are compatible with them like a key with a lock, and when they interact, dopamine is released into the blood, which suppresses pain. This is great for inflamed areas, but for healthy tissue, the benefit is highly questionable. When opioids attach to receptors in the brain, they can interact with the nerves that control a person's breathing rate, slowing them down to dangerously low levels. In the gastrointestinal tract, opioids can also negatively affect the nervous system, causing intestinal obstruction (in other words, constipation). In addition to all of the above, the release of doraphin causes euphoria and relaxation, which in the future can, with a high probability, provoke dependence on drugs.

But what if we create a painkiller that selectively interacts with opioid receptors only in damaged tissues? To find out, the research team first looked at what distinguishes inflamed tissue from healthy tissue in terms of acidity. It turned out that the acidity of damaged areas is much higher than that of healthy ones, which means that the matter was small: opioids were obtained in the laboratory that bind to receptors only under conditions of increased acidity.

Christoph Stein, professor at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at the Free University of Berlin and co-author of the article, says that such measures eliminate the risk of side effects and addiction - opioids simply do not bind to receptors either in the gastrointestinal tract or in the brain. The results of his team's study were published today in the journal Science. The new drug is called NFEPP, and it was tested in rats with a positive result: rodents stopped feeling pain without any respiratory or stomach discomfort. Even after several rats were kept on opioids for a long time, after the dose was abruptly stopped, they did not react to this fact, although usually opioid dependence develops in rats in much the same way as in humans. As for effectiveness, the new drug and the old, long-proven in practice remedy "fentanyl" turned out to be equally effective.

The next step, according to Stein, will be testing the drug in humans. Unfortunately, bureaucratic red tape comes into play here, so scientists will be lucky if they receive all the necessary permits within at least the next few months. If their work is successful, it could be a real revolution in the field of pain medication.

Other interesting news:

▪ Fast trains are not the best

▪ High power controller with over 90% efficiency

▪ The battery heals itself

▪ Tired of thoughts

▪ Alibaba AI Copywriter

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Power regulators, thermometers, heat stabilizers. Article selection

▪ article by Ryunosuke Akutagawa. Famous aphorisms

▪ article Where is the longest sea route that can be sailed without changing direction? Detailed answer

▪ article Wagonmaker. Job description

▪ article Antenna directional (mini) for the range of 144-146 MHz. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article UHF amplifier from SKD-1. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews