Hospital therapy. Classification of cardiomyopathies. Etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (most important)

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Hospital therapy. Classification of cardiomyopathies. Etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (most important)

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6. Classification of cardiomyopathies. Etiology of Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Cardiomyopathies are primary isolated myocardial lesions of a non-inflammatory nature of unknown etiology (idiopathic), they are not associated with valvular defects or intracardiac shunts, arterial or pulmonary hypertension, coronary heart disease or systemic diseases (such as collagenoses, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, etc.), moreover, in the final stage of the disease, severe congestive heart failure and complex violations of the heart rhythm and patency develop.

The classification of cardiomyopathies is as follows:

1) dilated cardiomyopathy:

a) idiopathic;

b) toxic;

c) infectious;

d) with collagenoses;

2) hypertrophic;

3) restrictive;

4) arrhythmic dysplasia of the right ventricle;

5) a combination of one of the 4 types of cardiomyopathies with arterial hypertension.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by a diffuse expansion of all chambers of the heart (mainly the left ventricle), in which the pathology of the pumping function of the heart is in the foreground and, as a result, chronic heart failure (hence the second name is congestive, when the heart is not able to fully pump blood and it "stagnates" in the tissues and organs of the body). The muscular wall of the heart remains either unchanged or hypertrophied to varying degrees.

Diseases and factors that preceded the development of DCMP are described in the table below (see table).

Table. Diseases and factors that preceded the development of DCM

This is the most common form of damage to the heart muscle. The incidence is 5-8 cases per 100 people per year. There is no clear family history for these patients. Men get sick 000-2 times more often than women.

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