Internal illnesses. Diffuse glomerulonephritis (laboratory diagnosis of the disease) (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Internal illnesses. Diffuse glomerulonephritis (laboratory diagnosis of the disease) (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

45. DIFFUSE GLOMERULONEFRITIS (LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DISEASE)

Diagnostic research. A complete blood count (neurophilic leukocytosis, increased ESR, anemia), a biochemical blood test (increased fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, LDH4-5 alkaline phosphatase), and a general urine test are performed.

In acute glomerulonephritis, a decrease in the amount of urine to 400-700 ml / day is characteristic, anuria rarely occurs, protein - from 1 to 10 g / day, albuminuria decreases after 7-10 days, the amount of protein becomes less than 1 g / day, erythrocytes, single hyaline and granular casts, a slight increase in the number of leukocytes, an increase in the specific gravity of urine.

In chronic glomerulonephritis, in the stage of renal compensation, there is an increase in the amount of urine, a persistent decrease in specific gravity (isohyposthenuria), and nocturia.

In chronic glomerulonephritis in the stage of renal decompensation, there is a decrease in the amount of urine, an increase in protein, specific gravity, urea, creatinine, and indican in the blood.

A Nechiporenko test is performed (determining the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and casts in 1 ml of urine: normally erythrocytes - up to 1000, leukocytes - up to 2000, casts - up to 50, with glomerulonephritis erythrocytes predominate over leukocytes), Kakovsky-Addis test (determining the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes , cylinders in the daily volume of urine: normally erythrocytes - up to 1, leukocytes - up to 000, cylinders - up to 000, with glomerulonephritis, erythrocytes predominate over leukocytes), urine culture with quantitative assessment of bacteriuria (if detected in 2 ml of urine more than 000 bacteria). They also determine enzymes in urine and determine b000-microglobulin in urine (b100-MG) (assessment of the functional state of the kidneys). When the tubules are damaged, protein readsorption is disrupted, b000-MG excretion increases, no other proteins are detected, the glomeruli are not affected; with isolated damage to the glomeruli, the b1-MG content is within normal limits, and medium molecular proteins (albumin) increase.

A Zimnitsky test is performed to assess the ability of the kidneys to concentrate and dilute urine: under normal water and nutritional regimes, 8 portions of urine are collected separately, its quantity and relative density are determined; assess daytime (from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.) and nighttime (from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m.) diuresis, dynamics of quantity, relative density of individual portions, and nocturia.

In the Folgard concentration test (with dry diet), daily diuresis decreases to 300-500 ml, the specific gravity of urine increases, reaching 4-8 in 1028-1035 hours, not lower than 1025.

Reberg-Tareev test: glomerular filtration rate for creatinine - 80-160 ml / min, tubular reabsorption - 98-99%, with glomerulonephritis, the indicators decrease; in acute glomerulonephritis, the changes are transient; in chronic glomerulonephritis, they are persistent.

An immunological blood test is carried out, in case of acute glomerulonephritis and with exacerbation of chronic glomerulonephritis, the level of total complement and the 3rd fraction decreases, the number of circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins of all classes increases, the titer of antistreptolysin O increases.

Author: Myshkina A.K.

<< Back: Diffuse glomerulonephritis (clinic of chronic glomerulonephritis)

>> Forward: Diffuse glomerulonephritis (treatment, prognosis, prevention)

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ History of the economy. Crib

▪ outpatient pediatrics. Crib

▪ Pharmacology. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Pomera DM30 digital typewriter with E Ink screen 13.06.2018

One of the well-known manufacturers of office equipment and gadgets in Japan, King Jim, together with the eponymous display manufacturer E Ink, presented a model of a typewriter with an electronic ink screen. The release of the Pomera DM30 model with a 6-inch E Ink display is timed to coincide with the anniversary of the Pomera brand, under which King Jim launched digital typewriters with LCD screens ten years ago.

The developers are confident that a portable digital typewriter will be an excellent alternative to PCs and laptops for working with documents in a modern office. With two AA batteries, the E Ink screen model can run for over 20 hours, which is impossible to achieve in the case of battery life of a laptop, not to mention the difference in the power required for this. In addition, the weight and dimensions of Pomera DM30 will give odds even to ultra-thin laptops.

Despite its compact size, the Pomera DM30 is armed with a folding keyboard with rather large buttons (17,5 x 15 mm). To transfer typed documents to another PC, to a smartphone or to the cloud, Micro-USB interfaces, SD cards and QR codes are provided.

And, of course, in addition to low consumption, E Ink screens have the main advantage over LCD screens - this is comfortable work (clear text and no glare) in any ambient light, including bright sunlight. For work in the summer outdoors - very good.

Other interesting news:

▪ Thousands of molecules combined into a single quantum state

▪ The leader's charisma harms the company

▪ Smartphone Intex Cloud String V2.0 with fingerprint sensor

▪ Clock genes change with age

▪ Japan dominates the OLED market

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Reference materials. Article selection

▪ article Garden house one and a half floors. Tips for the home master

▪ article What is a comet? Detailed answer

▪ article Work on the equipment of seamless fastening of book blocks. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Simple vibrator HF antennas and the possibility of their modernization. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Refinement of the power supply unit BP2-3. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews