Internal illnesses. Lung abscess (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Internal illnesses. Lung abscess (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

30. LUNG ABSCESS

Limited purulent inflammation of the lung tissue with destruction of its parenchyma and bronchi, their melting and the formation of a cavity.

Etiology. Obstruction of the bronchi by foreign bodies, acute pneumonia, bronchiectasis, chest trauma, hematogenous embolization by infection.

Pathogenesis. There is a penetration of the infectious agent into the lung tissue (bronchogenic, hematogenous, lymphogenous pathways, aspiration of foreign bodies), a violation of the drainage function of the bronchi.

Classification According to the characteristics of the clinical course, the disease is divided:

1) by origin: acute lung abscess and chronic lung abscess;

2) by localization (segment, segments, right- or left-sided);

3) by complications.

Clinic. In acute lung abscess (OAL), a period of organization is distinguished (up to 7 days before the opening of the cavity), which is characterized by an acute onset (dry hacking cough, chills), a change from chills to torrential sweat (hectic fever), mental disorders, puffiness of the face, flushing of the cheeks , lagging of the affected side of the chest during breathing, local thickening of percussion sound, hard breathing with a bronchial tinge, and a period after opening the cavity, characterized by a sudden discharge of purulent, fetid sputum with a full mouth, a drop in temperature, and a decrease in intoxication. Percussion over the affected area of the lung is determined by the appearance of tympanitis, with auscultation, amphoric breathing, moist medium and large bubbling sonorous rales.

With chronic lung abscess (CHAL), patients have a cough with foul-smelling sputum, hemoptysis, chills, sweating, puffiness of the face, diffuse cyanosis, bad breath, fingers in the form of drumsticks, nails in the form of watch glasses (a sign of hypoxia), the overlying area amphoric breathing and moist, sonorous fine-bubble rales are heard.

Diagnostic study. A general blood test is carried out, in which, during the organization period, neutrophilic leukocytosis with a sharp shift to the left, increased ESR is determined, in the period after the autopsy - normalization of indicators; with CAL - neutrophilic leukocytosis with a shift to the left, an increase in ESR. An immunological blood test is also carried out (lymphopenia, increased activity of the nonspecific and humoral components of the immune response), sputum examination (macro- and microstudy - cytology, flora, elastic fibers), X-ray examination (during the organization - massive darkening with unclear contours; after autopsy in bronchus - a cavity with thick, infiltrated walls and a horizontal level of liquid; with a breakthrough into the pleura - free liquid and gas in the pleural cavity).

Flow. Acute and chronic.

Treatment. Careful care for patients is required, high-quality nutrition with sufficient amounts of protein and vitamins (diet No. 15), infusions of nutritional mixtures, drug treatment, which includes antibacterial therapy, detoxification therapy, bronchospasmolytic therapy, positional drainage, endoscopic sanitation of the bronchi, the use of heparin (to prevent DIC syndrome), mucolytic and expectorant drugs.

Author: Myshkina A.K.

<< Back: Bronchiectasis

>> Forward: Gangrene of the lung

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Normal human anatomy. Crib

▪ Consumer behavior. Crib

▪ Foreign literature of the XX century in brief. Part 1. Cheat sheet

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Philips Tableaux E INK Digital Signage 25.06.2023

Philips has launched its latest product, the E INK display, designed for use as digital signage.

The Philips Tableaux features a 25" E-INK Advanced Color display powered by e-ink. This device is designed to be used in menu boards and can be used as paperless POS posters.

Philips claims that Tableaux is ushering in a new era in display technology by enabling zero-power digital signage to display static images in over 60 colors.

The device has an aspect ratio of 16:9 and built-in memory of 16 GB, and also supports downloading content via USB, LAN or Wi-Fi. Content updates can be done manually or remotely using PPDS or other platforms.

Philips Tableaux runs on Android 11 and has a typical response time of 36 seconds.

Other interesting news:

▪ Liquid crystal current transmission cable

▪ Found a way to increase brain tissue by 20 times

▪ Apples won't turn brown

▪ The ozone hole is closing in

▪ Light travels forward and backward in time at the same time

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site History of technology, technology, objects around us. Article selection

▪ article Management, control and supervision bodies for nature protection, their functions. Basics of safe life

▪ article How many times is a modern telescope sharper than the human eye? Detailed answer

▪ article Askania-Nova. Nature miracle

▪ article Filter with tuning from 200 kHz to 20 MHz. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article French Reset. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews