English for doctors. Trachea (most important)

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English for doctors. Trachea (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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36. Trachea

The trachea, a hollow cylinder supported by 16-20 cartilaginous rings, is continuous with the larynx above and the branching primary bronchi below.

Mucosa of the trachea consists of the typical respiratory epithelium, an unusually thick basement membrane, and an underlying lamina propria that is rich in elastin. The lamina propria contains loose elastic tissue with blood vessels, lymphatics, and defensive cells. The outer edge of the lamina propria is defined by a dense network of elastic fibers.

Submucosa consists of dense elastic connective tissue with seroriltfcous glands whose ducts open onto the surface of the epithelium.

Cartilage rings are C-shaped hyaline cartilage pieces whose free extremities point dorsally (posteriorly). They are covered by a perichondrium of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each of the cartilages. Smooth muscle bundles (trachealis muscle) and ligaments span the dorsal part of each cartilage.

Adventita a consists of peripheral dense connective tissue that binds the trachea to the surrounding tissues.

Primary bronchi

The trachea branches at its distal end into the two primary bronchi. Short extrapulmonary segments of the primary bronchi exist before they enter the lungs at the hilus and then branch further. The histologic structure of the walls of the extrapulmonary segment of the primary bronchi is similar to that of the tracheal wall.

new words

hollow - emptiness

cylinder

supported - supported

cartilage

rings - cartilage rings

larynx - larynx

above - above

branching - transition

primary bronchi - primary bronchi

below - below

mucosa - mucous membrane

typical - typical

respiratory epithelium - respiratory epithelium

an unusually - atypically

thick - thick

basement - base

underlying

lamina - thin plate

rich - rich

elastin - elastin

loose - loose

vessel - vessel

lymphatics - lymphatic

defensive cells - protective cells

outer - outer

edge - edge

Author: Elena Belikova

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