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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Carnation. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Carnation, Dianthus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Carnation (Dianthus) Family: Clove (Caryophyllaceae) Origin: Eurasia, Africa, North America Area: Diverse, grows in temperate climates, on sunny slopes and forest clearings. Chemical composition: Clove contains essential oils that give it its aroma, as well as flavonoids, carotenoids, anthocyanins and terpenes. Economic value: Cloves are grown for ornamental use and as a spice and medicinal plant. In the food industry, cloves are used to flavor confectionery, and in medicine - as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent. Clove is also widely used in perfumery and cosmetics. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, the carnation was associated with the goddess Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty. According to legend, the carnation was created from the blood of Aphrodite when she fell to the ground, and it became a symbol of her beauty and love. In Christian symbolism, the carnation is associated with Christmas and redemption. It is said that the carnation came from the tears shed by Jesus Christ when he was crucified on the cross, and it became a symbol of his sacrifice for the salvation of mankind. In Chinese culture, cloves are associated with wealth and prosperity. Cloves are used in Chinese medicine to treat various ailments such as stomach pain, colds, and arthritis. In public symbolism, the carnation is associated with respect and reverence. In some cultures, the carnation is used as a symbol of respect for the elders and reverence for the memory of the dead. Carnation is associated with beauty and love, redemption and sacrifice, wealth and prosperity, respect and reverence, as well as healing and protection from disease.
Carnation, Dianthus. Description, illustrations of the plant Carnation. Legends, myths, history
In ancient times, carnations were called the flowers of Zeus, the name of the flower comes from the Greek words Di - Zeus and anthos - a flower, which can be translated as a flower of Zeus, or a divine flower. Carl Linnaeus retained the name dianthus, that is, the divine flower, for the flower. Ancient Greek myth tells about the origin of cloves. One day, the goddess of hunting Diana (Artemis), returning very irritated after an unsuccessful hunt, met a beautiful shepherd boy, who was cheerfully playing a cheerful song on his flute. Beside herself with anger, she reproaches the poor shepherd boy that he dispersed the game with his music and threatened to kill him. The shepherd boy makes excuses, swears that he is not guilty of anything and begs her for mercy. But the goddess, beside herself with rage, pounces on him and rips out his eyes. Then only she comes to her senses and comprehends the whole horror of the perfect atrocity. Then, in order to perpetuate those eyes that looked at her so plaintively, she throws them onto the path, and at the same moment two red carnations grow out of them, resembling the color of innocently spilled blood. Bright crimson carnation flowers resemble blood. And in fact, this flower is associated with a number of bloody events in history. There is information about the extraordinary healing properties of this plant. The first appearance of carnations is attributed to the time of Saint Louis IX. It was brought to France from the last crusade, when French troops besieged Tunisia for a long time. A terrible plague broke out among the crusaders. People were dying like flies, and all the efforts of doctors to help them were in vain. Saint Louis, was convinced that an antidote must exist in nature against this disease. He had some knowledge of medicinal herbs and decided that in a country where this terrible disease rages so often, in all likelihood there must be a plant that cures it. And so he fixed his attention on one lovely flower. Its beautiful coloration, strongly reminiscent of a spicy Indian clove, and its smell suggest that this is exactly the plant that he needs. He orders to pick up as many of these flowers as possible, makes a decoction of them and begins to water sick people with them. Decoctions of cloves cured many warriors of the diseases, and soon the epidemic stopped. Regrettably, however, he does not help when the king himself falls ill with the plague, and Louis IX becomes its victim. The carnation was the favorite flower of the Prince of Condé (Louis II of Bourbon). Because of the intrigues of Cardinal Mazarin, he was imprisoned. There, under the window, he grew carnations. His wife, meanwhile, raised a rebellion and secured his release. Since then, the red carnation has become the emblem of the adherents of Condé and the entire house of Bourbon, from which he came.
During the French Revolution of 1793, the innocent victims of the terror, going to the scaffold, adorned themselves with red carnations, wanting to show that they were dying for their king. French girls, seeing off their boyfriends to the war, to the army, also gave them bouquets of scarlet carnations, thereby expressing the wish that their loved ones return unharmed and undefeated. Warriors believed in the miraculous power of the carnation and wore it as a talisman. The carnation came to the court and the Italians. Her image was included in the state emblem, and the girls considered the carnation to be the mediator of love: a young man going to battle, they pinned a flower to his uniform to protect him from dangers. This flower was considered a protective talisman of love in Spain. Spaniards managed to secretly make appointments with their gentlemen, pinning carnations of different colors on their chests for this occasion. In Belgium, the carnation is considered the flower of the poor or the common people, a symbol of a comfortable home. Miners are engaged in breeding. Parents present a bouquet of flowers to their daughter who is getting married. Carnations are the decoration of dining tables. In England and Germany, for a long time, the carnation was considered a symbol of love and purity, as folk legends tell, as well as the works of William Shakespeare and Julius Sachs. Goethe called the carnation the personification of friendship and resilience. It was the Germans who gave the flower the name "carnation" - for the similarity of its aroma with the smell of spices, dried clove buds, from German this designation passed into Polish, and then into Russian. In modern times, the carnation has become a symbol - "flower of fire", "flower of struggle". It was sung in immortal paintings by artists Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rembrandt, Rubens and Goya. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Carnation. Myths, history, symbolism
Carnation (bot. Dianthus) is a flower, known by about 300 species, with many forms of breeding, so named, apparently due to the shape of the fruit. Therefore, the carnation was a plant symbolizing the sufferings of Christ. A bright red carnation-grass (or Carthusian) is often represented in the images of the Madonna and Child. As a guarantee of love, she is depicted in betrothal paintings in the Renaissance. In modern times in France, the red carnation was a royalist flower symbol, later - a symbol of social democracy in the German-speaking regions (primarily on "Labour Day", May Day). In contrast, adherents of the Christian social movement wore a white carnation. On Turkish and Caucasian carpets, the carnation is a symbol of happiness.
Carnation. Legends and tales
Carnations know everything. Once upon a time, the red carnation was almost the only thing that could be bought in flower shops. Moreover, white carnations with red strokes on the petals looked like a revelation, and yellow ones generally seemed alien. Biennial Turkish carnations grew in the garden of every self-respecting gardener, and charming wild plants were found in the meadows. Now in the meadows there are only cottages and cow parsnip, and before that it just didn’t grow ... And the legend is this: after an extremely unsuccessful hunt, the utterly annoyed Artemis (otherwise, Diana) met a shepherdess in the meadow - the young man played a cheerful song on the flute. The goddess immediately accused the unlucky musician of scaring away all the game in the area, and no matter how the shepherd boy prayed for mercy, she tore out his eyes in a rage, and having pulled out, she came to her senses In memory of the spilled innocent blood, she cast her eyes on the path, and two carnations immediately grew out of them. Terrible story, but...
Carnation. Interesting plant facts
Bright crimson - the color of the carnation seems to have something sinister, reminiscent of blood. And in fact, in many cases, the history of this flower, as it turns out, is connected with a number of bloody historical events, starting with the Greek myth itself, which tells about its origin. It is said that one day the goddess Diana, returning very irritated after an unsuccessful hunt, met a beautiful shepherd boy, who was cheerfully playing a cheerful song on his flute. Beside herself with anger, she reproaches the poor shepherd boy for dispersing the game with his music, and threatens to kill him. The shepherd makes excuses, swears that he is not guilty of anything, and begs her for mercy. But the goddess, beside herself with rage, does not want to hear anything, pounces on him and rips out his eyes. Then only she comes to her senses and comprehends the whole horror of the perfect atrocity. She begins to be tormented by repentance, the image of the meek, begging for mercy eyes of the shepherdess follows her everywhere and does not give her a moment's rest, but she is no longer able to fix things. Then, in order to perpetuate those eyes that looked so plaintively at her, she throws them onto the path, and at the same moment two red carnations grow out of them, reminiscent of her painting (there are carnations in which there is a spot somewhat similar to the pupil in the middle) perfect crime, and by its color - innocently shed blood. This is the entry of the carnation into the history of mankind. Its further history largely corresponds to the beginning. But it plays a particularly prominent role in some of the bloody events in France. Its first appearance here dates back to the time of Saint Louis IX, when this pious king undertook the last crusade in 1270 and besieged the city of Tunis with his 60.000 knights. At that time, as is known, a terrible plague suddenly broke out among the crusaders. People were dying like flies, and all the efforts of doctors to help them were in vain. Then Saint Louis, firmly convinced that in nature there is an antidote for every poison, and having, as they say, some knowledge of medicinal herbs, decided that in a country where this terrible disease so often rages, in all likelihood, one can find a curative her plant. And so he fixed his attention on one lovely flower growing on dry, almost barren soil. Its beautiful coloration, its strongly reminiscent of a spicy Indian cloves smell make him assume that this is exactly the plant he needs. He orders to pick up as many of these flowers as possible, makes a decoction of them and begins to water sick people with them. And - oh, surprise! - the infusion turns out to be curative in many cases, and the plague begins to seem to weaken a little. Unfortunately, however, he does not help when the king himself falls ill with the plague, and Louis IX soon becomes its victim. (At present, cloves are not used in the practice of scientific medicine, but in folk medicine, field cloves have long been used against various internal bleeding.) Return to your homeland, the Crusaders, who adored their good king, bring with them, in memory of him, his carnation, which since then has become one of the favorite flowers in France. However, they attribute its healing properties not to the properties of the plant itself, but to the holiness of Louis IX - as you know, shortly after this (1297), the pope canonizes him as a saint. For the same reason, probably, the famous botanist Linnaeus gave her many centuries later the scientific name Dianthus, i.e. divine flower. Several centuries pass, and the carnation reappears in the history of France. This time it is the favorite flower of the Great Conde (Louis II of Bourbon) - the famous commander and winner of the Spaniards at the Battle of Rocroix (1649). Having been imprisoned, thanks to the intrigues of Cardinal Mazarin, in the Vincennes prison, Conde, not knowing what to do, took up gardening here and planted a few carnations in a small bed near his window. Fascinated by their beauty, he looked after them so much, raised them with such love that every time a flower bloomed, he was proud of them no less than of his victories. In a word, this flower replaced his absent friends here and became the only comforter. The contemporary French poet Mme Scuderi, who visited him just at that time in prison and witnessed how he cherished these flowers, wrote the following lines in memory of this: “At the sight of these carnations, which the glorious warrior waters with his victorious ( won so many battles) with a hand, remember that Apollo also built walls, and do not be surprised to see Mars as a gardener. Meanwhile, his wife, nee de Maille-Briz, niece of the famous Richelieu, an extremely energetic woman, did not remain inactive. She raised an uprising in the provinces, swayed the chamber in Bordeaux to the side of Conde, and finally achieved that he was released from prison. Upon learning of this unexpected joy for him, Conde was amazed and exclaimed: "Isn't it a miracle! While a seasoned warrior diligently grows his carnations, his wife wages a fierce political war and emerges victorious from it!" Since then, the red carnation has become the emblem of Condé's adherents and serves as an expression of their selfless devotion not only to himself, but to the entire Bourbon house from which he comes. She especially began to play this role during the French Revolution of 1793, when innocent victims of terror, going to the scaffold, adorned themselves with red carnations, wanting to show that they were dying for their dear king and fearlessly looked into the eyes of death. In this terrible time, that flower is called the carnation of horror (oeillet d'horreur). At the same time, he was of particular importance among the peasant population of France. Bouquets of such carnations are now given by peasant girls to the boys of their villages going to war, thus expressing to them the wish to return victorious and unharmed as soon as possible. Yes, and themselves - both young and old - Napoleonic soldiers believe in the miraculous effect of this flower and carefully keep it to themselves, considering it a talisman against enemy bullets and a means of inspiring courage in battle. How many, as they say, such bouquets were later found on the battlefields on the chest of brave men who were not destined to see their homeland again! In general, the concepts of courage and selfless courage were so connected - both among the people and in the army - with this flower that Napoleon I, establishing the Order of the Legion of Honor on May 15, 1802, even chose the color of carnation as the color of the ribbon of this highest French insignia and the thereby perpetuated, on the one hand, its role in the history of France, and on the other, the love that the French people had for it from time immemorial. By the way, we note that the carnation was still loved in France by the poor King René, who, being deprived by Louis XI of his paternal heritage - the Duchy of Anjou, retired to the city of Aix in Provence and started breeding carnations there. The culture of this flower that he started here subsequently captivated many citizens of the town so much that even today, despite the fact that whole centuries have elapsed since then, the city of Aix is famous for its carnations.
The carnation was also a favorite flower of the vain Duke of Burgundy, grandson of Louis XV, who in his youth fancied himself a great gardener. This self-importance was greatly assisted, as they say, by one of the court flatterers, who every time this prince planted a carnation, on the same night replaced it with a carnation in full bloom and assured that the prince had such a magical influence on nature that the plant he planted developed in one night. And strange as it may seem, the prince was so blinded by his greatness that he fully believed this fable ... Finally, having become related to the Order of the Legion of Honor, in 1815, when the second restoration comes, the red carnation changes its meaning and becomes the emblem of Napoleon's adherents, while royalists, especially pages and guardsmen, choose white as their emblem. This choice of emblem becomes, of course, the subject of constant bloody clashes between the supporters of one and the other party, which often end very sadly. An example is the story of the unfortunate young Saint-Prix, the page of Louis XVIII. One day he came to visit his aunt, the lady of state Duchess d'Angoulême, without any cloves. “What, you don’t wear any emblem?” she asked him with a grin, “are you afraid of the Bonapartists?” The Duchess d'Angoulême was just about to enter. Hearing these words, she said: "Your aunt's reproaches are unfair. I know that you, Mr. Saint-Prix, like Bayard, are a knight without fear and reproach and devoted to us with all your heart." (Bayard - Pierre de Terraille, nicknamed a knight without fear and reproach, was in the service of the French king Charles VII. His name became a household name to denote knightly generosity and courage.) And as she said this, she took one from a bouquet of white carnations, which was right there, and stuck it in Saint-Prix's buttonhole. "Deeply touched by Your Highness's attention," replied Saint-Prix, bowing, "you can be sure that I will prove that you are right." In the evening, walking along the boulevard with several comrades with a white carnation in their buttonhole, he met a group of Bonapartist officers who had a red carnation in their buttonhole. "Very easily soiled color, gentlemen, you are wearing," one of them says defiantly. "Yes, really, too easily soiled for you to wear," replies Saint-Prix. A quarrel immediately ensues. The officer draws his sword, Saint-Prix draws his. The swords are crossed and the duel begins. Unfortunately, the officer who caused the quarrel turns out to be a well-known breter, and young Saint-Prix, despite all his courage, is not able to resist him for a long time. Hit right in the chest, he falls to the ground just as a military patrol comes running to separate them. Noticing the soldiers, the officers scatter, leaving Saint-Prix alone. Raised by his comrades, the wounded Saint-Prix was put in a carriage and taken to the school. By chance, while he was being driven to the school, his aunt was passing by with the Duchess d'Angoule. Not noticing his pallor, but seeing a carnation stained red from the blood that flooded her, she exclaimed: "Shame, shame! Wretched, he shames us, he wears a red carnation!" "Yes, madame," answers Saint-Prix in a weak voice, "red, but still pure; she is stained with my blood." "My God," the duchess, noticing the blood, says, noticing the blood, "but he is wounded; poor child, it was I who killed him! .." On the same evening, the page died, expressing before his death the desire that the carnation that killed him be placed in his coffin ... And there were many such scenes at that time. Such is the role of cloves in the history of France. It plays an equally interesting role in other states. In England, she appears only in the XNUMXth century and from her very first appearance wins the sympathy of Queen Elizabeth, who reigned at that time, and the entire English aristocracy. It is bred both in gardens and in greenhouses. Queen Elizabeth does not part with her and appears with her everywhere - both easily and in solemn meetings. Her example, of course, follows her entire yard. Huge, especially for this time, prices are paid for flowers - a guinea (10 rubles) per flower, and a large wreath of carnations from the Duchess of Devonshire, who decided to decorate her head with these flowers on the day of one court holiday, costs her no more than 1000 rubles. Interestingly, the carnation is also the favorite flower of the current Duchess of Devonshire, who is said not only to wear these flowers in her boutonniere all the time, but also not to allow other flowers either in the vases that adorn her rooms or in the bouquets that clean her dining tables. . The first to start growing carnations in England was the court gardener Gerard, who received it from somewhere in Poland. This was in 1597. Gardener Parkinson, famous for its breeding, divides them into terry - carnation and small, simple - gilly flowers. Among these varieties, "Sweet William" was especially liked at that time, he named it in honor of Shakespeare, who in his "Winter's Tale" makes Perdita talk about carnations: "The most beautiful flowers of summer are double carnations and colorful carnations." Other famous English poets also mention the carnation more than once: Chaucer, Milton, Spencer. Singing the flora, they never miss an opportunity to sing the cloves with their divine smell. Being in France and especially in England the darling of mainly the upper classes and the richest classes of the state, in Belgium the carnation, on the contrary, became the darling of the poor, the common people - a purely folk flower. Here, miners, workers who worked day and night in coal mines devoted all their short leisure time to caring for it. This flower represented for them the main delight in their bleak life, and, coming out of the underground darkness, from the place where they were threatened with death every minute, into the light of God, they lovingly fixed their gaze on this wonderful flower, which seemed to say to them, that there are joys for them. They followed its development, trying to improve it, to outdo the beauty of its color and shape of the flowers of their neighbors. Among them even a kind of competition arose, a rivalry that filled the emptiness of their everyday life and created for them a new life, a new entertainment. Drunkenness, revelry, debauchery - all these inevitable companions of idleness and the aimless existence of the worker have noticeably weakened, and in some cases even completely disappeared - and this modest flower has done here what no sermons, no amusements can achieve in other states. This passion for cloves has been preserved among the common people in Belgium to this day, and not only has it been preserved, but even spread to those classes that were not previously interested in it. Now the carnation is here an object of careful care and care not only for miners, but also for other workers. Now its culture has penetrated to the most remote places of the Ardennes, and whoever had ever been to Spa, Verviers, and even Aachen, he, I am sure, was not a little amazed to see on the windows of every small worker's house, every poor hut, a carnation of such wonderful specimens and varieties that are rarely found in exemplary garden establishments. These magnificent flowers, due to the poverty of their owners, often do not even have decent pots, but simply sit in broken shards and nevertheless bloom luxuriously. The carnation has become here a symbol of a comfortable home, parental love and parental care; and a young worker doing hard work in a foreign land, meeting this flower here, always connects with him the memory of his father's house. On the day of his blessing, his mother brings him a bouquet of carnations - as the only treasure and ornament that she can give him; he, in turn, plants a carnation bush on her poor grave - as the last expression of his deep filial love. A bouquet of carnations also serves as the first gift, the first expression of love from a young worker to his bride. All this taken together is also the reason why in many paintings by ancient Dutch masters we now and then meet women with a bouquet of carnations in their hands, and in one of the paintings in the Ferrara Cathedral we even see saints with a bouquet of these flowers. The image of carnations, finally, is often found on the famous Brussels lace, especially inexpensive ones.
At one time, the German workers in Thüringen had no less love for carnations, whose passion for this flower reached the point that they often gave half of their earnings for a new beautiful variety, gave their last goat - often the main breadwinner of the whole family. But in general, in Germany, the carnation did not enjoy special popular love, although it always served as a symbol of constancy and fidelity, since its flowers, as you know, even when dried, often retain their color. One German couplet says about her: "Carnation, you lose your color no sooner than death will unravel you." The commemoration procession of workers in Vienna in 1848, which has recently become customary in memory of the freedom fighters, is also decorated with red carnations. This procession usually attracts tens of thousands of people and takes place annually in March. A few days before the celebration, the route is announced through the newspapers - which, where and at what time the group will gather and set off in order to converge with the rest of the groups at the junction, from where there is a straight road, about six miles away, road to the cemetery. For several hours, sometimes numerous fereyns continue to pass in front of an obelisk with a burning torch erected on the grave of freedom fighters. Approaching him, the representatives of each fereyn lay their wreath, and the rest of the participants strew the grave with red carnations that have flaunted in their buttonholes so far. (Verein - society, corporation, union in Germany.) Here, at the obelisk, the most famous orators of the party deliver their speeches. However, German poets were less sympathetic to the carnation, and while the French have a special variety, which is given the loud name of the poet's carnation - oeillet de poete, among the Germans it is known as a flower of vanity, emptiness, bodily beauty and is compared with beautiful but an empty woman. For example, Goethe says: "Nelken! Wie find' ich each schon! Doch alle gleichi ihr einander, Unterscheidet euch kaum, und entscheide mich nicht..." which one to choose) Carnations were introduced into Germany by Charles V from Tunisia, when he, having forced Soliman to retreat, restored the former sultan to the throne and freed 22.000 Christian slaves. As a memory of the victories won here and of the chivalrous exploits of his warriors, the carnation was his favorite flower and was an indispensable accessory for all his palace gardens. Moving on to Italy, we see that here, too, the carnation was so well liked that there is no national festival during its flowering when young Italian peasant women would not adorn their breasts with its flowers and would not stab its crimson flowers in their black hair. And here this flower has always been reputed, and even now it is reputed to be a talisman of love. And often, passing by the image of the Madonna placed at the crossroads, one can see a village beauty praying with carnation flowers in her hand. She prays for a happy journey and the safe return of her lover, who will have to cross such dangerous mountains, due to the mass of bandits encountered in them, and asks the Madonna to bless the flowers, which should serve him as a talisman against all kinds of troubles. As soon as everything is ready for departure, she will pin these flowers on his chest and be at peace: they will protect him from any misfortune ... In Bologna, for some reason, the carnation is considered the flower of the Apostle St. Peter, and on June 29, on the day of his memory, all churches and the whole city are decorated with her flowers. On this day, you will not meet a single young woman here, not a single young man who does not have this flower in their hands, on their chest, in their hair or in their buttonholes. On this day, even old people and soldiers wear it in their buttonholes. Introduced to Italy a century earlier than to Belgium, the carnation took root and multiplied here so much that it is considered by many to be a wild Italian plant, and the only historical record is that it was cultivated in 1310 by Matthew Silvatika among the plants brought from the east and then bred in gardens. Medici, shows that this plant is not native. This is confirmed in some way also by the presence of her image in the coat of arms of the ancient Italian family of the Counts of Ronsecco. This carnation, according to legend, came here as a memory of a flower that Countess Margherita Ronsecco gave for good luck to her fiancé Count Orlando, when on the eve of their wedding he had to suddenly go to the Holy Land to take part in the liberation of the Holy Sepulcher from the Saracens. For a long time after this there was neither a rumor nor a spirit about him; but then one of the Crusaders brought Margarita the sad news that Orlando had fallen in battle, and gave her a lock of her blond hair found on it, which Orlando took with him as a talisman, and together with the curl a completely withered carnation flower, which had turned from Orlando's blood soaking it from white to red. Examining the flower, Margarita noticed that seeds had formed in it, which, perhaps, had already ripened. Then, in memory of her dear fiancé, she decided to sow them. The seeds turned out to be really mature, sprouted and developed into a clove plant, which bloomed. But their flowers, instead of pure white, which was the flower given by Margarita as a keepsake, had a red, blood-colored spot in the middle, which until that time was not noticed in local carnations. These spots were, as it were, a trace of Orlando's blood, as if a memory of the great sacrifice he had made - of sacrificing the happiness of his whole life to the duty of a true believing Christian. And so the compilers of the coat of arms took into account this great feat of his and brought a flower stained with his blood into the coat of arms of the one that was dearest to him in the world. In conclusion, let us say that in Spain the carnation plays no less a role in the life of young people than in Italy, especially in Valencia, where it is even artificially forced to bloom almost all year round. It has the greatest value here in December, when gallant gentlemen often pay 6 reales or more for one flower. To offer such a flower at this time to a lovely dona is considered the height of courtesy. These carnations, although all red, have, however, several different shades, which serve as a way for Spaniards in love to negotiate and set a date for a meeting. Leaving the church, the charming dona, as if by chance, throws back the edge of her mantilla and shows her watchful amoroso a carnation pinned to her chest, by the shade of which he recognizes the hour when he can see her. The chaperone who accompanies her usually pretends not to notice anything - and she was young, and at one time she spoke by means of a carnation ... Author: Zolotnitsky N.
Carnation. Useful information
"Carnation is the first of the favorite flowers among hunters before them," the scientist A. T. Bolotov wrote in 1785. She was brought to Europe from Tunisia, but her homeland is the Moluccas! The Russian name of the flower comes from the Polish word "carnation", which, in turn, was borrowed by the Poles from the German dictionary. So the Germans called the flowers for the similarity of their smell with overseas spice - dried buds of the clove tree. Feeling the same smell of flowers as them, people called the flowers carnations. In the people, the flower is called field tears, sparks, asterisks, zorki and maiden grass. Carl Linnaeus called carnations dianthus, combining two Greek words "dios" and "anthos", which means "divine flower", and called them so because he knew the work of the ancient Greek scientist Theophrastus "Study on Plants", where carnations are called flowers Zeus. The ancient Roman writer Pliny the Elder in the book "Natural History" mentions that the ancient Romans were also engaged in the cultivation of divine flowers. In Dante's book "Hell" there is a mention that a certain Nicolo brought a carnation to Italy. And she was brought to France from the last crusade. When the French troops besieged Tunisia for a long time, a plague broke out in their camp. The doctor, knowing the medicinal properties of herbs, began to look for them around the camp and came across a carnation. Decoctions of cloves cured many soldiers of diseases, and soon the epidemic stopped. Together with the flower, the soldiers of the troops of Louis IX in 1270 brought to France a legend about the extraordinary healing properties of the plant. However, reliable information about the garden carnation, one of the ancestors of cultivated modern varieties, refers only to the sixteenth century, when it began to be bred for bouquets in Holland and France. What methods have not been used by flower growers to breed plants of unusual colors! In the nineteenth century, one of the Parisian flower girls accidentally dropped a white carnation into a vat of diluted green dye, which was intended for dyeing cloth. The flower turned green. An accidental discovery turned out to be profitable: carnations of extraordinary color quickly sold out at a high price, and when the secret was revealed, flowers of the most unexpected colors flooded Paris. And yet, tinted carnations are disproportionately inferior to genuine marvels of selection, such as, for example, the black prince, maroon, almost black in color with snow-white lace edging, or the carnation, bred by Luther Burbank, snow-white in the morning, pink at noon, and dark in the evening - crimson color. Cut carnations are able to stand in vases of water without fading for twenty days. In some varieties of carnations, instead of five petals, sixty bloom at once, and the flower itself is huge, reaching fifteen centimeters in diameter. An XNUMXth-century herbalist says: "Clove strengthens the heart, head and stomach, helps digestion of raw and not yet cooked food in the stomach, encourages vital spirits, helps eyesight, drives away fainting and dizziness..." This plant is famous not only as a beautiful legendary flower; fragrant clove oil is used in perfumery and medicine. As a deodorizer, cloves were used as early as the XNUMXrd century BC. The court etiquette of China prescribed chewing cloves before meeting the emperor in order to have a pleasant smell when talking. When the famous flower grower Gerard began to plant it in one of the gardens of England, the ladies of the court did not give him rest, sending footmen for bouquets every day. The tone for the ladies was set by Queen Elizabeth, who appeared at the court ball in a dress decorated with carnations. The carnation came to the court and the Italians. Her image was included in the state emblem, and the girls considered the carnation to be the mediator of love: a young man going to battle, they pinned a flower to his uniform to protect him from dangers. French girls, seeing off the guys to the army, also gave them carnations, thereby expressing the wish that their loved ones return unharmed and undefeated. Warriors believed in the miraculous power of the carnation and wore it as a talisman. This flower was considered a protective talisman of love in Spain. In Valencia, bringing flowers to the lady of your heart in December, when they are especially expensive, was considered the height of courtesy. Spaniards managed to secretly make appointments with their gentlemen, pinning carnations of different colors on their chests for this occasion.
In Belgium, the carnation is considered the flower of the poor. Miners are engaged in breeding it: after the gloomy mines, they are pleased to see a cheerful scarlet flower. Parents present a bouquet of flowers to their daughter who is getting married. Carnations are the decoration of dining tables. These flowers are always loved by lace makers and embroiderers: the finest carnation patterns are scattered over the ancient Brussels lace. In England and Germany, for a long time, the carnation was considered a symbol of love and purity, as folk legends tell, as well as the works of William Shakespeare and Julius Sachs. Goethe called the carnation the personification of friendship and resilience. It was sung in immortal paintings by artists Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rembrandt, Rubens and Goya. The red carnation is a constant companion of revolutionary events, it has a special honor - to become a symbol of freedom and truth, courage and revolutionary burning. With the help of a beautiful flower, conspiratorial connections were maintained, demonstrations were scheduled. In the main park of the capital of Mexico, Mexico City, bouquets of crimson carnations constantly lie at the foot of the Ninos Garoes monument, erected in honor of the little heroes of the Chapultepec fortress. In the last century, fierce battles took place under the walls of the fortress of the Mexicans against the conquerors who were trying to capture the capital. Adults and children fought to the death. And when the danger of captivity arose, even small children preferred death to a shameful crowd. The carnations at the Wall of the Communards in the Pere Lachs cemetery in Paris are burning with flame, reminding posterity of the feat of the heroes of the Paris Commune. "In the days of our great empire // The people who tore the fetters of darkness // I saw in the flame of a scarlet carnation // The arrival of the long-awaited freedom," wrote the poetess Louise Michel. The red carnations do not go out at the monument to Herzen in Nice and on the grave of Marx in London. “The teeth are white, white - Beloyanis laughs. And the carnation in his hand is like a word that he said to people in the days of courage and shame,” Nazym Hikmet wrote in 1952 after the execution of the Greek hero. And in 1967, an invitation card to an exhibition of sculpture in Athens was a piece of plaster, decorated with a blood-red carnation. Ghiele, as it were, recalled the words of the fascist leader of the Greek military junta: "Greece is sick, we put her in plaster, she will remain in it until she is cured." And as an angry protest against such statements, ten compositions made of gypsum and barbed wire were exhibited at the exhibition, through which a carnation sprouted, seeing off Nikos Belogianis on his last journey and covering his grave today with a fiery carpet. With a carnation in his buttonhole, August Bebel spoke to the Hamburg workers; the podium from which he delivered his fiery speech was decorated with fresh carnations. From the first days of October, carnations have not been extinguished at the monuments of fighters for a just cause, at the monuments to individual heroes and at fraternal cemeteries. "The red carnation is a companion of worries, the red carnation is our flower," is sung in a song based on Lev Oshanin's verses. Author: Krasikov S.
Carnation, Dianthus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Carnation, Dianthus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Carnation (Dianthus) is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants from the Carnation family. Depending on the species, carnations can be either annuals or perennials. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing cloves: Cultivation:
Preparation and storage:
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