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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during the maintenance of batteries. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. The manual is intended for workers performing maintenance and repair of lead-acid batteries. 1.2. To work on the maintenance and repair of batteries, persons who have reached the age of 18, have passed a medical examination, industrial training, have a certificate for the right to maintain and repair batteries, have an electrical safety qualification group of at least II, have been instructed, introductory and at the workplace . 1.3. Repeated briefings of the battery operator must take place at least once every 3 months. 1.4. The worker is obliged to undergo an examination by a dentist every three months, a periodic examination every six months and once a year an examination of knowledge on labor protection. 1.5. Individuals who have become familiar with the features and methods of safe performance of work and have completed an internship for 2 to 14 shifts under the supervision of a foreman or foreman (depending on seniority, experience and nature of work) are allowed to work independently. 1.6. In the process of work, the following dangerous and harmful production factors may operate:
1.7. The battery operator must be provided with the following personal protective equipment:
1.8. Maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment operating in the zone of radioactive, chemical contamination, contamination with pesticides or other agrochemicals is not allowed until decontamination, degassing and neutralization of contamination. 1.9. Personal protective equipment should be used for its intended purpose and the administration should be notified in a timely manner of the need to clean, wash, dry and repair them. They are not allowed to be taken outside the enterprise. 1.10. Know and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Do not smoke in the workplace, do not drink alcohol before and during work. Do not store food or eat in the workplace. 1.11. Perform only the work for which you have been trained, instructed in labor protection and for which the supervisor has approved. 1.12. Persons who are not related to the work performed are not allowed to the workplace. Do not outsource your work to others. 1.13. Obey the safety signs. 1.14. Do not go behind electrical equipment fences. 1.15. Pay attention to the warning signals of trucks, cars, tractors and other types of moving vehicles. 1.16. Report to the manager about the noticed malfunctions of machines, mechanisms, equipment, violations of safety requirements and do not start work until appropriate measures are taken. 1.17. If the victim himself or with outside help cannot come to the medical institution (loss of consciousness, electric shock, severe injuries and fractures), inform the head of the household (employer), who is obliged to organize the delivery of the victim to the medical institution. Before arriving at a medical facility, provide the victim with first aid (first aid) and, if possible, calm him down, as excitement increases bleeding from wounds, worsens the body's protective functions and complicates the treatment process. 1.18. Employees are required to know the fire warning signals, the location of fire extinguishing equipment and be able to use them. It is not allowed to use fire equipment for other purposes. 1.19. Do not obstruct aisles and access to firefighting equipment. 1.20. Sand up spilled fuels and lubricants on the ground. Immediately remove the sand impregnated with oil products and take it to a place agreed with the sanitary and epidemiological station. 1.21. Dispose of used cleaning material in special metal boxes with lids. 1.22. Do not make fire in agricultural storage sectors. equipment on the territory of the machine yard and in the premises. 1.23. Do not store in the workplace flammable and combustible liquids, acids and alkalis in quantities exceeding the replacement need in a ready-to-use form. 1.24. In the event of a fire, immediately call the fire brigade and take measures to eliminate the source of ignition by means of fire extinguishing, and in the event of a fire at electrical installations, the first person who notices a fire must report this to the fire brigade responsible for electrical facilities, the head of the workshops. 1.25. In the event of a fire in the electrical installation itself or near it, first of all, before the arrival of firefighters, disconnect the electrical installation from the network. If this is not possible, then try to cut the wires (sequentially, one at a time) with a tool with insulated handles. 1.26. When extinguishing a fire, extinguish the source of ignition first. When using a foam fire extinguisher, direct the jet at an angle of 40 - 45 degrees to avoid splashing liquid. Start extinguishing from one edge, and then sequentially move to the other edge of the ignition source. 1.27. To extinguish small fires, flammable and combustible liquids, as well as solid combustible substances and materials, use foam fire extinguishers: manual types OHP-10, OP-M, OP-9MN; air-foam type OVP-5, OVP-10; mobile, transported on special trolleys, air-foam type OVP-100, OVP-250, OPG-100. In their absence, throw sand on the fire, cover it with felt or put it out in some other way. 1.28. To extinguish combustible substances and materials that cannot be extinguished with water or foam, as well as electrical installations under voltage, use carbon dioxide hand-held fire extinguishers of the type OU-2, OU-5, UP-2M, OU-8, OUB-3A, OUB-7A ; mobile carbon dioxide fire extinguishers such as OU-25, OU-80, OU-100, OSU-5; powder fire extinguishers of the type: manual - OP-1, OP-2, OP-5, OP-10, OPS-6, OPS-10; mobile - OP-100, OP-250, SI-2, SI-120, SZHB-50, SZHB-150, OP-50, OP-100. It is allowed to use dry, without impurities, sand. When using powder fire extinguishers, do not direct the powder jet at hot surfaces - an explosion is possible. 1.29. Do not use chemical foam or chemical foam fire extinguishers to extinguish a fire in an electrical installation that is energized. 1.30. A worker who violates the requirements of labor protection instructions may be subject to disciplinary liability in accordance with the internal regulations of the enterprise, and if these violations are associated with causing material damage to the enterprise, the worker also bears financial responsibility in the prescribed manner. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Put on overalls and other personal protective equipment established for this type of work. Clothing should be buttoned up and tucked in, trousers should be over shoes, cuffs fastened, hair tucked under a tight-fitting headdress. Protect the skin from the action of solvents and oils with protective ointments (PM-1 or HIOT-6), pastes (IER-1, IER-2, Airo). 2.2. Check that the tools and devices used during work are in good condition, not worn out and meet safe working conditions. Non-mechanized tool 2.2.1. Wooden handles of tools must be made of seasoned hard and tough wood, smoothly processed, their surface must not have potholes, chips and other defects. The tool must be properly fitted and securely fastened. Percussion tools (hammers, sledgehammers, etc.) must have oval handles with a thickened free end. The console on which the instrument is mounted must be wedged with a completed mild steel wedge. On the wooden handles of pressure tools (files, chisels, etc.) in the places of interface with the tool, metal (bandage) rings must be mounted. 2.2.2. Percussion instruments (chisels, cross-cuts, barbs) should not have cracks, burrs, work hardening; the occipital part of them should be smooth, free of cracks, burrs and bevels. The length of the manual chisel is at least 150 mm, their drawn part is 60 - 70 mm; blade sharpening angle - in accordance with the hardness of the processed materials. 2.2.3. Forging tongs and other devices for holding forgings being machined should be made of mild steel and match the dimensions of the forgings. To hold the forging without constant hand pressure, the tongs must have rings (spandery), and to protect the worker's fingers from injury, a gap (in the working position) between the tong handles is 45 mm, for which stops must be made. 2.2.4. Wrenches must match the dimensions of the nuts and bolt heads. The jaws of the keys must be parallel and free of cracks and nicks, and the handles must be free of burrs. Sliding keys must not have play in moving parts. 2.2.5. The ends of hand tools used for threading into holes during installation (crowbars for assembly, etc.) must not be knocked down. 2.2.6. Crowbars must be of circular cross section and have one end in the form of a spatula, and the other in the form of a tetrahedral pyramid. Scrap weight within 4 - 5 kg, length 1,3 - 1,5 m. 2.2.7. Pullers must have serviceable paws, screws, rods and stops. 2.2.8. The vise must be securely fastened to the workbench. Sponges must have a good notch. 2.2.9. The screwdriver should be with a straight shaft, firmly fixed on the handle. The screwdriver must have straight sides. 2.2.10. Needle-nose pliers and pliers should not have chipped handles. The jaws of the needle-nosed pliers are sharp, not chipped or broken, the pliers are with a good notch. 2.2.11. Hand scoops for collecting garbage should be made of roofing iron and should not have sharp ends and torn places. 2.2.12. Before using jacks, check:
electrified tool 2.2.13. All power tools and electrical appliances must have closed and insulated inputs (contacts) of the supply wires. In order to protect against mechanical damage and moisture, the wires of power tools and electrical appliances must be protected by rubber hoses and terminated with a special plug. 2.3. Check the operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation, the serviceability of blocking the shutdown of the charging current when the ventilation stops, the completeness and serviceability of the charging equipment, measuring, charging and control devices and tools, fencing of current-carrying parts. 2.4. Make sure that the earthing of rectifiers and equipment with an electric drive and electric heating elements is in good condition. 2.5. When working with acid, check for chalk, a sealed container of 5 to 10% baking soda neutralizing solution (one teaspoon per cup of water). 2.6. Check for water in the plumbing. 2.7. Check the serviceability and cleanliness of containers, dosing devices, tools and accessories for the preparation of electrolyte (a device for tilting bottles or a siphon, mugs with a capacity of 1 - 2 liters, etc.), as well as the serviceability of measuring instruments: densimeter (hydrometer), thermometer, DC voltmeter with measurement limits 0 - 3 V and 0 - 15 V. 2.8. Make sure that the rectifiers and wires for connecting the batteries into groups and connecting them to chargers are in good condition. The wires must be stranded, well insulated, with tight-fitting (spring) lead-coated clamps (for lead-acid batteries), excluding the possibility of sparking. 2.9. Check for fire fighting equipment: fire extinguisher, sandbox, buckets, shovel and crowbar. 2.10. Get acid in the warehouse in the amount of one-shift requirement. Check that the bottles are hermetically sealed and placed in baskets or wooden crates. The space between the bottles and the basket should be filled with shavings or straw soaked in liquid glass, cold calcium solution or other salts (to prevent ignition). 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. Do not allow fire, smoking, sparks from electrical equipment and other equipment in the battery charging room. 3.2. Use a portable 12 V safety lamp. Before turning on a portable electric lamp in the mains, in order to avoid sparking, first insert the plug into the socket, and then turn on the breaker; When turning off the light bulb, first turn off the breaker, and then remove the plug. 3.3. Do not touch two battery terminals with metal objects at the same time to avoid short circuits and sparks. 3.4. Do not touch live parts (terminals, contacts, electrical wires) with your hands without rubber gloves. If necessary, use tools with insulated handles. 3.5. Connect the batteries only with lead-coated terminals, which create a tight contact and exclude sparking. 3.6. Connect the battery terminals for charging and disconnect them after charging only when the charger equipment is turned off. Check the absence of voltage at the terminals of the current source using a voltmeter. 3.7. When charging batteries, do not lean close to the batteries to avoid being burned by acid splashes from the battery opening. 3.8. Determine the degree of charge of the batteries with voltmeters (load plugs) or other instrumentation. It is forbidden to check the degree of charge "for a spark" - by a short circuit. 3.9. The stay of people, except for the duty and maintenance personnel, as well as the performance of extraneous work in the room for charging batteries is prohibited. 3.10. Transport batteries in special carts. 3.11. When transporting sulfuric acid, electrolyte, preparing electrolyte, in order to avoid burns to the skin, eyes, observe the following rules:
It is forbidden to pour water into the acid, as in this case, as a result of a sharp boil, a violent spray of hot acid occurs, which leads to burns to the eyes and skin. 3.12. When preparing distilled water in the workshops of the economy, in order to avoid a sharp vaporization and subsequent explosion of the device, fill the container of the device with water before connecting it to the mains. 3.13. During the operation of the distillation apparatus, constantly monitor the water supply. Switch off the distillation apparatus immediately if the water supply is interrupted. 3.14. Fill the electrolyte into the batteries using a dosing device. Take out excess from the batteries using a siphon or a rubber bulb. 3.15. When flushing batteries, wear an acid-resistant suit, rubber gloves, an apron, boots and goggles. 3.16. Dismantle the half-blocks of the battery plates only after washing them. 3.17. When washing batteries with a hose, aim the water jet at the surface to be washed so that there is no splashing. 3.18. Depressurization of the case and the cover of the battery in order to replace the block of plates is carried out in heating furnaces equipped with suction. Heating of the sealing mastic with an open fire is not allowed. 3.19. Remove the covers with special pullers, and remove the block of plates by the output pins with the help of special contractions. 3.20. Drilling of output pins, jumpers and output terminals is carried out on a drilling machine, while working in protective glasses. Remove the drilled jumpers and lead shavings in a special container. 3.21. Work on soldering the plates in the battery room should be carried out no earlier than 2 hours after the end of charging. Perform soldering with continuous ventilation, and protect the place of soldering from other batyrs with fireproof shields. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. In case of noticed malfunctions of production equipment and tools, as well as if, when touching a machine, machine tool, unit, an electric current is felt, or there is a strong heating of electrical wires, electric motors, electrical equipment, sparking or wire breakage, etc., warn workers about hazard, immediately notify the head of the unit and take measures to eliminate the emergency. 4.2. If smoke is detected and a fire occurs, immediately declare a fire alarm, take measures to extinguish the fire using the available primary fire extinguishing equipment according to the source of the fire, notify the work manager. If necessary, organize the evacuation of people from the danger zone. In conditions of smoke and the presence of fire in the room, move along the walls, bending over or crawling; to facilitate breathing, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief (cloth) moistened with water; move through the flames, covering your head with outer clothing or a blanket, if possible, douse yourself with water, tear off or extinguish the burning clothes, and when most of the clothes are covered by fire, roll the worker tightly into a cloth (blanket, felt mat), but do not cover with your head. 4.3. In case of accidents with people, provide them with first aid, immediately notify the work manager, maintain the situation in which the accident occurred, if this does not threaten the life and health of others and does not violate the technological process, until the arrival of persons investigating the causes of the accident. 4.4. In case of electric shock, release the victim from the current as soon as possible, because. the duration of its action determines the severity of the injury. To do this, quickly turn off the part of the electrical installation that the victim touches with a knife switch or other disconnecting device. 4.5. If it is impossible to quickly turn off the electrical installation, it is necessary to separate the victim from live parts: 4.5.1. When releasing the victim from live parts or wires with voltage up to 1000 V, use a rope, stick, board or other dry object that does not conduct electric current, or pull the victim by the clothes (if it is dry and lags behind the body), for example, by the skirts of a jacket or coat, behind the collar, while avoiding touching the surrounding metal objects and parts of the body of the victim, not covered by clothing. 4.5.2. If the victim touches the wire that lies on the ground, then before approaching him, place a dry board, a bundle of dry clothes or some kind of dry, non-conductive stand under your feet and separate the wire from the victim with a dry stick, board. It is recommended to operate with one hand if possible. 4.5.3. If the victim convulsively squeezes one current-carrying element (for example, a wire) in his hand, separate the victim from the ground by slipping a dry board under him, pulling his legs off the ground with a rope or pulling him by his clothes, while observing the safety measures described above. 4.5.4. When pulling the victim by the legs, do not touch his shoes or clothing unless your hands are insulated or poorly insulated, because. shoes and clothes may be damp and conduct electricity. To isolate hands, especially if it is necessary to touch the body of the victim, not covered by clothing, put on dielectric gloves, if they are not available, wrap your hands with a scarf or use any other dry clothing. 4.5.5. If it is not possible to separate the victim from live parts or disconnect the electrical installation from the power source, then chop or cut the wires with an ax with a dry wooden handle or bite them with a tool with insulated handles (pliers, wire cutters). Cut and cut the wires phase by phase, i.e. each wire separately. You can also use an uninsulated tool, but you need to wrap its handle with a dry woolen or rubberized cloth. 4.5.6. When separating the victim from live parts with voltages above 1000 V, do not approach the victim closer than 4 - 5 m indoors and 8 - 10 m outdoors. To release the victim, put on insulating gloves and insulating boots and operate only with an insulated rod or tongs rated for the appropriate voltage. 4.6. If the victim is conscious, but frightened, confused and does not know that in order to free himself from the current he needs to get off the ground, with a sharp shout of "jump" make him act correctly. 4.7. In case of an acid burn, remove clothing and thoroughly rinse the burnt area with a stream of water for 15 minutes, then rinse with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate or a 10% solution of baking soda (a teaspoon in a glass of water). After that, cover the affected areas of the body with gauze soaked in a mixture of vegetable oil and lime water, and bandage it. 4.8. If signs of poisoning appear (headache, tinnitus, dizziness, dilated pupils, nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness), remove the victim immediately to fresh air and organize the supply of oxygen for breathing using a rubber cushion or an oxygen cylinder. In the absence of oxygen, lay down the victim, raise his legs, let him drink cold water and let's sniff cotton wool moistened with ammonia. If breathing is weak, if it stops, perform artificial respiration until the doctor arrives or breathing is restored. If possible and the victim is conscious, give him plenty of milk to drink. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Turn off rectifiers, electric heating furnaces. Turn off the ventilation in the charging room 1,5 hours after the end of the battery charging. 5.2. Securely close the plugs (faucets) of the acid and electrolyte containers. Close the electrolyte containers with lids. 5.3. Rinse the siphon rubber hoses with water. Remove your workspace. Rinse acid and lead dust from scaffolds and floors with a stream of water, rinse rubber gloves, boots, apron and sleeves. 5.4. Please deposit your personal protective equipment in the prescribed manner. Wash your face and hands, rinse your mouth with baking soda, and brush your teeth. Brush your teeth thoroughly every morning, at the end of work and in the evening. 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