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Occupational safety instructions for tree fellers. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of labor protection regulations in force at the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of labor protection instructions", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 " Standard provision on training on labor protection issues.

1.3. According to this instruction, the feller is instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 3 months (repeated briefing).

The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues. After the briefing, the log must contain the signatures of the instructor and the feller.

1.4. The owner must insure the feller against accidents and occupational diseases.

In case of damage to the health of the feller through the fault of the owner, he (the feller) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.

1.5. For failure to comply with this instruction, the feller bears disciplinary, financial, administrative and criminal liability.

1.6. To independent work as a feller, males at least 18 years of age are allowed who have undergone special training in felling trees, a medical examination, have no medical contraindications for working at height, have passed an introductory briefing on labor protection, briefing at the workplace and briefing on fire safety.

1.7. Persons who are physically weak and with deficiencies in the organs of vision and hearing are not allowed to fell trees.

1.8. The feller must:

1.8.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.8.2. Know the structure and rules for the safe operation of mechanisms, devices and other equipment used when felling trees.

1.8.3. Do not follow instructions that are contrary to the rules of labor protection.

1.8.4. Use overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment.

1.8.5. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.8.6. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.8.7. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and responsibility for workmates.

1.8.8. Keep unauthorized persons out of the work area.

1.8.9. Perform only the work that is assigned to him by the work manager and for which he is instructed.

1.9. The main dangerous and harmful production factors that affect the feller:

1.9.1. Electric shock.

1.9.2. Low or high air temperature in the working area.

1.9.3. Low or high humidity in the working area.

1.9.4. Sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of tools and equipment.

1.9.5. Falling objects, wood.

1.9.6. Moving parts of a power tool.

1.9.7. Flying chips, shavings.

1.9.8. Overvoltage analyzers.

1.10. The feller is provided with overalls, special footwear: cotton jacket, canvas trousers, combined mittens, leather boots; in winter additionally: jacket, cotton trousers with insulated lining, felt boots.

1.11. The feller must be provided with a belt, a protective helmet, an ax, a hand saw, a shovel, three ropes 50 m long, and, if necessary, fitter's claws.

1.12. At the workplace, the head should have a first-aid kit with a full set of medicines.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Get an assignment from the work manager.

2.2. Put on overalls, safety shoes, personal protective equipment.

2.3. Check the serviceability of tools, fixtures, equipment.

2.4. Before the tree felling, it is necessary to prepare the working area:

2.4.1. Cut down bushes around the tree that are interfering with the fall, and clear the snow in winter.

2.4.2. Clear paths 4-5 m long at an angle of 45° in the direction opposite to the falling tree (to allow people to move away from the falling tree).

2.5. Protect the danger zone, put on duty.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. It is forbidden to fell trees with faulty felling devices (hydraulic wedges, hydraulic jacks, felling forks, wedges, blades).

3.2. It is allowed for one feller without an assistant to fell trees using felling blades, as well as to fell trees with a diameter of 22 cm or more using special mechanisms that provide directional felling (hydraulic wedges, hydraulic jacks).

3.3. It is forbidden to fell the forest to one feller without an assistant during sanitary felling and thinning; in the development of windbreak areas and govelniks; with a headwind with a speed of more than 3 m/s; on slopes over 20°; felling dangerous trees.

3.4. It is prohibited to fell trees in wind speeds of 12 m/s or more, in a thunderstorm, during a downpour, in thick fog, or when visibility is less than 5 m.

3.5. When felling trees, the following requirements must be observed:

3.5.1. Sawing or cutting a tree should be on the side in which it is planned to fell the tree. It is forbidden to fell a tree without cutting, to make a notch or a cut from two or more sides or in a circle.

3.5.2. The depth of the undercut or undercut should be at least 1/4 of the butt thickness for upright trees, and at least 1/3 of the butt thickness for trees inclined towards the fall.

3.5.3. Before felling rotten or dead trees, it is necessary to check their strength with a pole: it is forbidden to cut such trees with an ax; instead of cutting, a notch should be made.

3.5.4. The lower plane of the angular undercut should be perpendicular to the axis of the tree, and its upper side should form an angle with the lower plane of 25-35°; the distance between parallel planes of a rectangular undercut must be at least 1/10 of the diameter of the tree at the place where it is cut.

3.5.5. The cutting area should always be higher than the lower plane of the undercut or undercut, but not higher than its upper plane.

3.5.6. Before reaching the undercut or notch, an undercut should be left: with a tree diameter at chest height of up to 40 cm, the width of the undercut should be 2 cm; with a diameter of 40-60 cm - 3 cm; with a diameter of 61 cm or more - 4 cm; when cutting rotten trees, the width of the undercut should be increased by 2 cm compared to healthy trees.

3.5.7. For trees that have a lateral slope relative to the direction of the fall, the undercut should have the shape of a wedge, the thinner edge of which should face the direction of the tree’s slope; It is prohibited to make a through cut through wood without undercutting.

3.5.8. Trees with a diameter at chest height of up to 35 cm are felled in the direction of the slope, having a slope to the side opposite to stalling of more than 5 °, as well as inclined trees with a diameter of more than 35 cm - without the use of mechanized means that provide a given felling; with a diameter of more than 60 cm with a reverse slope of more than 5 ° - using a hydrocline.

3.6. Group felling of trees by knocking down one or more cut trees with another tree is prohibited.

3.7. The felling of trees near power lines is allowed after disconnecting the lines from power sources, and, if necessary, after removing them.

Disconnection and removal of electrical wires must be carried out by the owner of the power line.

Workers felling trees are prohibited from turning off the power line.

3.8. The felling of trees with a root must be carried out with the help of a brace, winch, tractor - bulldozer or other mechanisms.

The working length of the cable for felling trees with roots must be at least 50 m.

3.9. Maintenance cutting (clearing and clearing) must be done in the spring and summer before snow falls.

When carrying out this felling, the felling of thin trees (with a diameter at chest height up to 8 cm) and the cutting of bushes must be carried out with a special mechanized tool or axes.

3.10. The felling of trees in nests overgrown or fused at the roots (growing nearby) must be carried out in the direction of their natural slope. Each tree must fall individually.

3.11. It is forbidden to leave unfelled, chopped, not finished, hung trees for breaks, after the end of work, as well as when moving to other trees.

It is also forbidden to leave unfinished, hanging tops and branches.

3.12. Hanging trees should be felled with a winch (mechanized or manual) or with a tractor.

When several trees are felled, each tree must be felled separately.

3.12.1. It is forbidden:

3.12.1.1. Cut down the tree on which the hanging tree rests, or cut off the branches on which it rests.

3.12.1.2. Saw off branches from the butt of a hung tree.

3.12.1.3. Knock down a hung tree by knocking another tree on top of it.

3.12.1.4. Cut the roots or stump of a hanging tree.

3.12.1.5. Remove a hung tree with a cable (rope) less than 30 m long.

3.13. A team of workers engaged in the development of windbreaks and sanitary felling must be provided with saws, axes, a portable winch with a cable no less than 30 m long, a rope 10 m long, a fork, wooden and metal wedges and checkers 5-8 long m, based on one checker per worker.

3.14. When developing windbreak areas, as well as during sanitary felling, the following requirements must be met:

3.14.1. The felling of trees should be carried out in the direction of the main direction, and also depending on the terrain, the degree of clutter, and the method of timber removal; First of all, the most dangerous trees and kinks that can fall spontaneously are felled.

3.14.2. Before starting the felling of trees, it is necessary to remove (remove with the help of a pole) hanging branches and tops, which can cause an accident when they fall.

3.14.3. Before the felling of trees with cracks from the butt to the top, it is necessary to tie these trees with five turns of rope and, for the strength of the tying, drive a wedge between the trunk and the rope; fall down in the usual way.

3.14.4. It is not allowed to fell a high unseparated fracture of a tree, the top of which is on the ground without prior testing by a pole of the connection of the broken part with the butt of the trunk.

3.14.5. The broken part of the trunk (regardless of the height of the break) can be knocked down with a winch, and if it is impossible to knock down with a winch, the butt part of the tree with a break falls at an angle of 90 ° to the vertical plane that passes through the axis of the broken part of the tree.

3.14.6. Falling of inclined trees (with partially damaged root system) is carried out in the direction of their inclination; to avoid chipping, a “bandage” is put on, and the undercut is made to 1/2 the diameter of the butt; If the tree has an uphill slope with a slope steepness of more than 15°, its butt should be secured with a cable or rope before falling down to prevent sliding downhill.

3.15. If a cut tree hangs and it is impossible to fell it using a winch or using a tractor, it is allowed to use one of the following methods:

3.15.1. Pull the butt of a hung tree with a load to the side and back. This should involve a team of at least three people.

3.15.2. Pull the butt of a hung tree to the side with a brace.

3.15.3. Pull the butt of a hanging tree to the side or back with a portable hand block.

3.16. It is forbidden to climb a hung tree to fasten the rope.

4. Safety requirements for felling trees piecemeal on the streets of populated areas

4.1. The zone dangerous for finding people should be fenced off, marked with clearly visible warning signs, and, if necessary, warning sound or light signals should be given.

The boundary of the danger zone is determined by the horizontal distance from the possible fall of the load during its movement. The distance with a maximum tree height of up to 20 m should be at least 15 m.

4.2. The work should be carried out during the daytime by a team of three people under the direct supervision of the work manager.

4.3. Before starting work, the manager must inspect the building around the trees, the presence of power lines (power lines), the upper root system and the tree itself, familiarize the workers with the possible danger and establish a danger zone.

4.4. It is forbidden to fell a tree in parts if the trunk is rotten more than 1/3 of the diameter or whose upper root system is completely destroyed.

4.5. If there is a power line near the tree being cut down, then the work manager must coordinate the work with representatives of the owner of the power line before starting the work.

4.6. It is forbidden to cut down trees near a power line under voltage; power lines must be de-energized, and, if necessary, removed from the supports.

4.7. Before cutting down, it is necessary to warn people living in houses near the place where trees are cut down that they are forbidden to: go out onto balconies; open windows and doors, go out and enter the house, if the entrance door of the entrance faces towards the trees being cut down; collect sawn branches and parts of a tree during work; approach the danger zone.

4.8. If a highway passes through the danger zone, then it must be blocked for the entire duration of the work, and vehicles should be directed to a detour.

4.9. If there are structures in the danger zone, then people must be evacuated from them for the duration of the work.

4.10. It is prohibited to cut down two trees at the same time; First you should cut down one tree in parts, and then the second.

4.11. When cutting tall trees in parts, the work must be done with aerial platforms.

4.12. When working with aerial platforms, workers must obtain a work permit.

4.13. While in the aerial platform basket, workers must be attached to the aerial platform basket with a carabiner of a safety belt.

4.14. In preparation for cutting a tree in parts, you must:

4.14.1. Clear the entire tree of branches and cut off the top; It is forbidden to cut down branches with an ax.

4.14.2. Tie three ropes below, 3-5 m from the beginning of the top of the tree, and secure them to the stationary parts located on the ground while sawing and cutting down the top, adjusting their tension, and the angle between them should be 120°.

4.14.3. Saw through the top with a hand saw to a depth equal to 2/3 of the diameter of the tree, then lower the worker down with the basket. The aerial platform is moved from the tree to a safe distance.

4.14.4. At the signal of the work manager, the top should be broken by pulling three ropes; two ropes are pulled in one direction, and the third, which creates a counterweight, is pulled in the opposite direction.

4.1.5. It is forbidden for people to be within a radius of less than 15 m from the tree while cutting branches and breaking the top.

After removing the top, they begin cutting the tree in parts.

4.16. It is forbidden to cut down parts of a tree, holding the tree with one hand and sawing with the other: cut down parts of the tree with a safety belt attached to the aerial platform basket.

4.17. It is forbidden to dump the cut parts of the tree on the ground.

Parts of the tree must be lowered smoothly, without jerks, with a rope, one end must be tied to the middle of the lowered part, and the other end must be in the hands of the worker.

5. Safety requirements for pruning trees

5.1. All workers involved in tree trimming must be provided with: mittens, aprons, safety belts, safety glasses, safety helmets, and orange jackets (vests).

5.2. All tree pruning work should be carried out under the direct supervision of the work manager.

5.3. Trees can be trimmed from stepladders securely secured with hooks and boots.

5.4. It is prohibited to work from ladders that have broken strings and steps.

The serviceability of the ladders must be checked by the work supervisor daily before starting work.

5.5. When working at a height of more than 3 m, a second worker must be at the base of the stepladder for insurance.

5.6. Do not rest ladders directly on trees or branches.

5.7. It is forbidden to put stones, cuttings of boards and other objects under the lower ends of the ladder.

5.8. It is forbidden for two workers to climb the same ladder at the same time.

5.9. It is not allowed to carry out work on processing trees during and after rain until the trunk and main branches dry.

5.10. It is forbidden when cutting trees:

5.10.1. Stand on fences, bars.

5.10.2. Climb a tree.

5.10.3. When working as a lopper, stand under the cut branch.

5.10.4. To be by unauthorized persons under the pruned tree.

5.10.5. Put garden putty, brushes, knives and other tools used in the treatment of wounds and tree hollows in pockets and on stepladder platforms. All tools must be stored in a special bag.

5.10.6. When pruning trees planted along streets, install ladders on the side of the road.

In exceptional cases, if such an installation is necessary, a guard should be installed around the stepladder, and a second worker should be located at the base of the stepladder.

5.10.7. Trim tall trees near live power lines.

5.11. When working with a lopper from the side of the carriageway, the worker must face the moving transport, and at a distance of 10 m, a sign "Caution! Other dangers" must be installed. Workers must wear orange jackets (vests).

6. Safety requirements after finishing work

6.1. Clean up the work area boughs, parts of trees to take out to the place intended for this.

6.2. Check and put in order tools, fixtures and equipment, hand them over to the warehouse or work manager.

6.3. Take off protective clothing and personal protective equipment and put them in the designated place.

6.4. Wash hands with warm water and soap. Take a shower if possible.

6.5. Report to the head of work on all the shortcomings that occurred during work.

7. Safety requirements in emergency situations

7.1. An emergency situation may arise in the event of: electric shock, falling from a height, falling objects, flying off twigs, branches, sawdust, etc.

7.2. In the event of such a situation, it is necessary to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the danger zone. Report what happened to the supervisor.

7.3. If an accident occurs, the victim must be given first aid. If necessary, call an ambulance.

7.4. Providing first aid.

7.4.1. First aid for electric shock.

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state, the revival must begin immediately, and then call an "ambulance".

7.4.2. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

7.4.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

7.4.4. Providing first aid in case of foreign bodies entering organs and tissues.

If a small particle of stone, wood, metal, etc., gets into the eye, then they can be removed by washing the eye with a stream of water (from a glass, using a drinking fountain), directed from the outer corner of the eye to the inner one.

You can also turn the eyelid inside out and remove the particle with a clean, damp cotton or a clean handkerchief. You should not rub your eyes.

You cannot remove particles that have entered the cornea yourself. A dry sterile bandage should be applied to the eye and the victim should be sent to the hospital.

It is possible to remove foreign bodies from soft tissues on your own only if this can be done easily and completely.

At the least difficulty, you should consult a doctor.

After removing the foreign body, the damaged area should be lubricated with iodine and a sterile bandage applied.

7.4.5. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of the skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile dressing and a doctor is called.

7.4.6. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

• raise the injured limb up;
• close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
• in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

7.5. If a fire occurs, start extinguishing with the available fire extinguishing equipment. If necessary, call the fire department.

7.6. Follow all instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

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