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Environmental protection. Basics of safe life

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Concept "environmental protection" is a system of measures that are aimed at maintaining a rational interaction between human activities and the natural environment, ensure the conservation and restoration of natural resources, prevent direct and indirect impact of the results of human activity and society on nature and health. Health is 17-20% determined by the quality of the environment.

Based on the principles of ensuring the safety of human interaction with the environment environmental protection is carried out in several ways: legal, natural science, economic, sanitary and hygienic, organizational and managerial, cultural and educational.

legal way involves the definition of subjects of environmental protection; establishment of prohibitive, permissive, obligatory, compensatory, empowering and other norms regulating environmental relations; determination of measures and means of exercising state control; establishment of measures of legal liability for environmental offenses and compensation for damage caused.

ecological function - one of the functions performed by the state as a political organization of society; its main purpose is to ensure a scientifically based balance of environmental and economic interests of society, to create the necessary guarantees for the implementation and protection of human rights to a clean, healthy and favorable natural environment for human life.

The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 4, 1994 "On the state strategy of the Russian Federation for environmental protection and sustainable development" outlines the following areas for implementation State Environmental Strategy of the Russian Federation:

1) ensuring environmental safety;

2) protection of the environment;

3) improvement or restoration of disturbed ecosystems in ecologically unfavorable areas;

4) participation in solving international and global environmental problems.

Purpose of environmental legislation consists in providing the natural environment in the conditions of the economic development of society with means of legal regulation, which is achieved through the development, adoption and application of legal norms that reflect the requirements of environmental laws in the interaction of society and nature, fixing scientifically based standards of economic impact on the natural habitat.

Objectives of environmental legislation are: protection of the natural environment (through it and the protection of human health); prevention of the harmful effects of economic or other activities; improvement of the natural environment, improvement of its quality.

These tasks are implemented through three groups of norms:

1) environmental quality standards.

These include maximum allowable exposure standards (chemical, physical and biological): maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances, maximum allowable emission, MPD, radiation exposure standards, standards of residual chemicals in food, etc .;

2) environmental requirements to economic and other activities affecting the environment;

3) bodies of environmental protection and sanitary and epidemiological supervision have the right to carry out environmental control and impose bans on the implementation of activities at all stages - design, placement, construction, commissioning of facilities, as well as bring the perpetrators to justice for environmental offenses. The organization of control over the state of the environment in the regions is entrusted to local authorities. At the same time, the state of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil near transport highways and enterprises is monitored by sanitary-industrial laboratories.

The mechanism for fulfilling these requirements is expressed in combination of economic methods of management with administrative and legal measures to ensure the quality of the natural environment. economic mechanism environmental protection involves financing, lending, benefits for the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies in the calculation of taxes, which is a direct environmental incentive in the protection of the natural environment.

Decision goals environmental tasks are the rational use of natural resources, elimination of environmental pollution, environmental education and education of the entire public of the country.

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