The magnetic field of the black hole at the center of the Galaxy has been measured. Free Technical Library News

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Measured the magnetic field of a black hole at the center of the Galaxy

19.12.2015

For the first time, astronomers have been able to study what is happening in the vicinity of the event horizon of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way and discover that strong and highly variable magnetic fields are present in its vicinity and in the disk of matter that surrounds it.

For the first time, astrophysicists have been able to "reach out" to the event horizon of the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy and prove that it has a magnetic field that helps it capture matter and spit out some of it in the form of light and high-energy particles, according to an article published in the journal Science. .

"The existence of these magnetic fields was predicted by theories, but no one had been able to see them before. These observations allowed us to put decades of theorizing and calculations on a solid experimental basis," said Shep Doeleman from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA).

Doleman and his colleagues were able to make this discovery thanks to the unique Event Horizons Telescope interferometer, which combined the power of the most sensitive radio observatories in the world in California, Arizona, the Hawaiian Islands and even at the south pole of the Earth.
The main goal of this project, as you can understand from its name, was to "get close" to the event horizon of the black hole Sgr A *, located at the center of the Milky Way, and comprehensively study its properties. Combining the power of telescopes allowed scientists to achieve a resolution exceeding the sensitivity of Hubble by a thousand times.

The first successes of this project and the first observations were reported by scientists in April of this year. According to them, the EHT managed to get close to the event horizon of "our" black hole and achieve a record resolution, 10 times higher than the accuracy of previous observations.

After studying the polarization of radiation emanating from the "heart" of Sgr A *, the authors of the article noticed that some of the radio waves emitted by it were "twisted", which indicated that there were strong magnetic fields near the event horizon of the black hole and in its accretion disk.

Their structure was extremely unusual - the strength of the magnetic field in certain regions of the disk changed every 15 minutes, and its configuration was very different in different parts of the vicinity of Sgr A*. For example, the magnetic field at the far end of the disk was disordered enough that astrophysicists compare it to what tangled spaghetti looks like.

In contrast, the regions near the "leg" of the jet - a stream of high-energy particles and electromagnetic waves "spit out" by the black hole - were, on the contrary, very ordered. According to Doleman, further study of the differences in the magnetic structure of these parts of the accretion disk and the vicinity of the event horizon will make it possible to understand how jets are born and why some black holes, including Sgr A*, have extremely weak "spitting".

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