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Turning ordinary material into a magnet

10.08.2020

Ferromagnetism is a phenomenon that occurs in a material when most of the electrons in its atoms rotate in the same direction. In non-magnetic materials, oppositely directed electron spins usually cancel each other out, destroying the magnetic field.

There are not many substances in the world that initially exhibit ferromagnetic properties. The most common of them are well known to us: these are iron, cobalt and nickel, as well as their alloys. That's why when creating electronic devices, the arsenal of engineers is so limited to these trinity.

However, scientists claim that they managed to induce magnetism in a material that was not magnetic before. This is pyrite, "fool's gold" - a mineral that inexperienced miners often mistake for gold nuggets. Using a technique known as electrolytic gating, the researchers endowed it with uncharacteristic properties.

First, they placed pyrite in contact with an electrolyte, after which they applied a weak - only 1 volt - discharge to the connection. This made it possible to move positively charged molecules in the area of contact between pyrite and electrolyte, thereby creating a measurable magnetic force. Interestingly, as soon as the voltage was turned off, the magnetism also disappeared. This feature can help in the design of future generation electronics.

“By applying voltage, we are actually injecting electrons into the material. It turns out that if a sufficiently high concentration of electrons is reached, then the material spontaneously acquires magnetic properties. Previously, all this was discussed only in theory, and we were damn surprised that our method worked. I’m sure that Since the experiment was successful with pyrite, then in the future we will be able to make other materials ferromagnetic," Chris Layton, lead author of the study, shared with the press.

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