Abrasions and abrasions. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Abrasions and abrasions. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

abrasions are called violations of the integrity of the surface layers of the skin, characterized by pinpoint bleeding. Among the injuries that occur in athletes, abrasions occupy one of the first places. In most cases, abrasions are small and heal quickly. But sometimes extensive abrasions occur, for example, while running, cycling, riding a motorcycle, skiing, etc., when the fall occurs at high speed, in gymnasts when performing acrobatic exercises.

The provision of first aid is quite simple: the surface of the abrasion is first washed with hydrogen peroxide, and then smeared with an alcohol solution of brilliant green. To reduce pain from touch when lubricating the wound, it is better to dust it with a conventional spray gun. If the surface of the abrasion does not bleed, it is left open for a while, and then a sterile bandage is applied or a bactericidal adhesive plaster is applied.

The bleeding surface of the abrasion is dried by gently touching it with sterile wipes, after which a sterile bandage with penicillin ointment is applied. With extensive abrasions, the victim should be hospitalized. Recently, bactericidal paper has been used in the treatment of abrasions. It has the ability to kill microbes, disinfects small wounds, promotes their healing. Looking ahead, we note that bactericidal paper is used in the treatment of minor skin lesions, cuts, second-degree burns, and even pustular skin diseases. Packages of germicidal paper are sold in pharmacies and should be in all first aid kits.

Scuffs occur under the influence of skin friction. In this case, painful swelling and redness of a small area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe skin is observed. Scuffs often occur during long hikes, crosses, marathons, long-distance race walking, skiers, skaters, hockey players, football players, etc. The main cause of scuffs is ill-fitting shoes (usually new), folds on socks, footcloths, windings . Usually scuffs are considered minor damage and are ignored, but this is wrong. Many people have seen from their own experience that a small abrasion, when complicated, sometimes puts a person out of action for a long time. If the abrasion is not treated, then it is often the cause of more complex inflammatory processes.

For example, a picture of a complication of abrasion (corns) on the heel looks like this: 2-3 days after the appearance of the abrasion, a person feels general weakness. In the area of abrasion, suppuration forms in the form of a small bubble, red stripes appear on the skin of the lower leg and thigh (lymphatic tracts become inflamed). In the groin area and in the popliteal region, when probing, soreness and swelling of the lymph nodes are noted. The temperature rises, and all the symptoms indicate that the person is sick and needs medical help.

First aid is the same as for abrasions. To avoid complications, you should strictly ensure that dirt does not get into the area of abrasion and the factor of repeated friction is excluded.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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