Table of contents (expand)
Accepted abbreviations
Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia - Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Criminal - Criminal Code of the Russian Federation dated 13.06.1996 No. 63-FZ
ch. - chapter(s)
n - item(s)
sect. - section(s)
Art. - article(s)
h - part(s)
Introduction
Criminology is an independent science with its own history, subject, research methods. A general idea of the content of criminology can already be obtained from its name. It consists of two parts: crimen (from Latin - crime) and logos (from Greek - teaching). The literal translation of the combination of these two words into Russian means the doctrine of crime. It can also be said that criminology is the science of crime. If criminal law studies crime, responsibility and punishment for it in legislative form and law enforcement practice, then criminology studies crime, its causes and conditions, the identity of the offender and the prevention of crimes as mass social phenomena.
From a practical point of view, criminology can be defined as the science of crime and methods of its prevention. However, this is a very general concept. More specifically, we can say that criminology studies crime, types of crime and crime, the causes of occurrence and their other relationships with various phenomena and processes, the effectiveness of measures to combat crime. On this basis, criminologists develop recommendations for improving the fight against crime.
Understanding the social nature of crime, knowledge of the causes and conditions for committing various crimes, the characteristics of persons who have broken the law, and the mechanism of individual criminal behavior are important not only for successful preventive activities. Criminological knowledge helps to identify already committed crimes, to identify and expose criminals, to correctly determine the punishment for each of them, to find the most effective ways and means of individual correction and re-education. Knowledge in the field of criminology is necessary not only for employees of internal affairs bodies, but also for employees of courts, prosecutors, justice authorities, and other categories of employees who, to one degree or another, are faced with the problems of offenses, their causes and conditions.
Authors: Vasilchikova N.V., Kukharuk V.V.
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