How much longer can the sun shine? Detailed answer

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How much longer can the sun shine? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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How much longer can the sun shine?

Every second, our luminary loses about four million tons of its mass, which is converted into radiation energy. This can continue for another 4-5 billion years, until the star turns into a red giant.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What nation has a tradition of building special huts for girls to visit?

In one of the Cambodian villages where the Kreung people live, an unusual freedom of morals reigns. Here it is customary to build a small hut for a teenage girl away from the main house, where she can meet boyfriends at night and have sex. It is believed that through experiments, the girl will make a conscious choice of her future husband, taking into account sexual compatibility. The villagers themselves note that there are no divorces in their commune.

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Random news from the Archive

Coffee reduces the risk of liver disease 29.06.2022

An international team of scientists has brought good news about coffee, with a recent study showing how the beloved beverage is associated with impressive health benefits, such as a reduced risk of liver disease.

Researchers often find that coffee consumption is associated with lower blood sugar levels, improved cognition, protection from age-related dementia, and even longer life. All these relationships are correlational, not causal, but it is absolutely certain that coffee can at least improve our mood from 8 am to noon.

A new study has focused on why our bodies feel so good from coffee (and tea, which also contains caffeine). In most scientific papers on the effect of coffee and tea on human health, it is the correlation that is indicated. It would not be superfluous to find out the details, scientists from the Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany, France and the USA decided. They looked at epigenetic changes, i.e. influence on the genes of external factors (in this case, tea and coffee).

“Epigenetics are DNA modifications that do not affect the main sequence, but accumulate in gene expression,” write the authors of the study in a preprint on BioRxiv, the scientific portal of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. “Epigenetics is a mechanism for the indirect influence of dietary and lifestyle factors on disease risk."

The study involved 15 volunteers of European and African American origin. The large sample size and multi-ethnic contributions were the driving force behind this work.

By controlling for other factors influencing epigenetics, the researchers focused on associations specific to coffee and tea consumption and found an association with reduced risk of obesity and cirrhosis of the liver, as well as the development of cardiovascular disease.

The process by which caffeine affects our genes is called DNA methylation. The more scientists learn about this process, the more they see it as key to managing "epigenetic switches" in the growing list of diseases and disorders catching up with humans as we age.

"Overall, the study shows that coffee consumption is associated with varying levels of DNA methylation and that associated epigenetic variation may explain the mechanism of coffee's effect in determining disease risk," the researchers said.

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