How did libraries originate? Detailed answer

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How did libraries originate? Detailed answer

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How did libraries originate?

The first library appeared 8000 years ago! The inhabitants of ancient Mesopotamia wrote on clay tablets with a thin stick called a wedge. Their way of writing is known as "cuneiform". The tablets were fired, and the most valuable of them were placed in special clay envelopes so as not to deteriorate. Archaeologists have found thousands of such tablets that were kept in palaces and sorted according to their subject matter. These were the first libraries.

The libraries of ancient Egypt were located in temples: they were guarded by priests. The Egyptians wrote on papyrus, which was then rolled up around a tipped stick and stored in chests or on shelves.

The most famous was the library in Alexandria. It originated around 300 BC. e. Over 700 papyrus scrolls were kept there. All "books" were classified into 000 topics and described in catalogs.

The ancient Romans were the first to think of building public libraries. Julius Caesar planned to create a whole system of public libraries, and after his death they became especially popular. The rich inhabitants of Rome specially founded libraries for the poor, and also collected huge collections of books for themselves. By the 28th century there were XNUMX public libraries in Rome.

At the beginning of our era, libraries became an integral part of churches and monasteries. The monks read and copied books: many libraries were maintained thanks to their efforts.

At the end of the Middle Ages, when majestic cathedrals were built, people began to build small libraries at the cathedrals. Universities also began to collect books. The universities of Paris, Heidelberg and Florence were famous for their collections of "chained" books. Books were so difficult to make that they were chained to the walls with large chains to keep them out of trouble.

By 1400 the University at Oxford began to assemble a library. At present, his Bodleian Library is the largest among the university libraries.

Public libraries as we know them today are only 100 years old. English politicians at the beginning of the 1850th century called on the people to support libraries. Finally, in XNUMX, the English Parliament authorized the creation of libraries.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

When did the Red Cross start?

On a hot June day in 1859, after the battle of Solferino in Italy, fifteen thousand dead and wounded remained on the battlefield. There were few doctors and many of the wounded died before they could receive medical attention. Driving across the battlefield, the young Swiss Heinrich Dunant was shocked by the carnage and the groans of the wounded. He gathered female volunteers from the nearest Italian village. Under his leadership and following his example, the women cared for the wounded.

Heinrich Dunant wrote an article about the horrific scenes he witnessed. He stated that many deaths and suffering might not have happened if an organization had been created to care for the wounded, regardless of their nationality. Thanks to the humanitarian efforts of Dunant, fourteen nations accepted the treaty establishing the Red Cross. The treaty was signed at an international conference in Geneva in 1864 and revised in 1906.

During the war, it provides for measures in various countries to alleviate the suffering of society. The reversed Swiss flag has been approved as the emblem of the Red Cross. Today, in the event of wars or national disasters, the hearts of the people of many nations unite under the flag of the Red Cross in the service of mankind. In any war, this flag of mercy is respected by friends and foes alike. The British Red Cross Society was founded in 1870 and incorporated in 1908.

The British Armed Forces also has its own medical service. During the war, the Red Cross provides the necessary assistance. In Russia, the Red Cross Society was established in 1918, and in 1923, as a result of the merger, the "Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies" arose.

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