What is an icon? Detailed answer

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What is an icon? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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What is an icon?

This is an image of the Savior, the Mother of God, saints in the Orthodox Church, which were created starting from the XNUMXth century in Greece, Russia, Romania and Cyprus by icon painters.

At first, icons were painted with melted wax paints (encaustic) on wooden boards, later with tempera, oil paints, and created using the mosaic technique. Since believers often kissed the icon, its image was protected with silver plates (oklad).

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How can the flame be extinguished?

Let's start with how fire is made. This requires three things. First, you need a fuel, such as wood, paper, alcohol or gas. Second, you need oxygen. Fuel reacts quickly with oxygen. When wood burns in a fire or gas in a stove, the fuel quickly reacts with the oxygen in the air. The third thing you need is warmth. Paper or wood simply left in the air does not burn. But a burning match brought to the paper ignites it. When the paper becomes hot enough, oxygen begins to freely interact with it and the paper ignites.

There are three main ways to put out a fire. In each of them, one of the components necessary for combustion is removed.

The first way is to remove the fuel, that is, what caught fire.

The second is to stop the supply of oxygen. For example, a fire cannot burn in carbon dioxide, so a blanket of carbon dioxide can be created to extinguish the fire. The oxygen supply stops, the fire goes out.

The third way is to put out the fire, eliminate the heat, lower its temperature. To do this, a jet of water is directed at the fire. The water absorbs the heat of the burning material and lowers the temperature. The temperature drops below the combustion temperature and the fuel stops burning.

In some cases, the flame cannot be extinguished with water. For example, oil or fat floats on water. If you try to put out such a flame - for example, a frying pan with burning fat - with water, then the burning fat will float up and continue to burn.

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Hypersonic aircraft Stratolaunch TA-1 09.03.2024

California-based startup Stratolaunch has completed a historic flight of its active-propulsion hypersonic Talon-A aircraft. This success is pushing the company to develop reusable versions of hypersonic vehicles capable of flying at speeds exceeding the speed of sound by 5 times.

The flight of the Stratolaunch TA-1 hypersonic aircraft marks an important step in the development of aviation technology. This success opens up new prospects for future hypersonic flight and development, which could have a significant impact on the future of the aviation and space industries.

The massive Roc carrier aircraft took off from Mojave Space Center in California on Saturday, bringing the TA-1 with it. After this, the hypersonic vehicle was released at an altitude of about 10 meters and soared into the sky at a speed approaching Mach 700.

Stratolaunch President and CEO, Zachary Crevor, noted: “While I cannot disclose the specific altitude and speed achieved by TA-1 due to our agreements with customers, we are pleased to report that in addition to meeting all primary and secondary flight objectives, we "have achieved high supersonic speeds approaching Mach 5 and have collected a huge amount of data that will be very useful to our customers."

The data obtained will become the basis for the development of the next generation of hypersonic aircraft TA-2, the first flight of which is scheduled for the end of this year. Future versions of the Talon-A will be equipped with a rocket engine and will be able to transport payloads at hypersonic speeds. In addition, Stratolaunch plans to develop a larger hypersonic aircraft called the Talon-Z and a Black Ice spacecraft to carry cargo and possibly passengers into Earth orbit.

The startup Stratolaunch was founded in 2011 with the goal of using the Roc aircraft to launch Orbital ATK's Pegasus XL rocket. After the death of founder Paul Allen in 2018, the company changed its direction, focusing on the development, deployment and flight of hypersonic vehicles.

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