How many nostrils do you have? Detailed answer

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How many nostrils do you have? Detailed answer

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How many nostrils do you have?

Four. Two you see and two you don't.

Observations of the breathing process in fish lead to this discovery. Fish get oxygen from the water. Most of them have two pairs of nostrils: the front one for water inlet and a pair of "exhaust pipes" for its release.

Question: if humanity descended from fish, where did the second pair go?

Answer: deep into the head, turning into internal nostrils, called choannae - translated from Greek "chimneys". They connect to the throat and are the very device that allows us to breathe through the nose.

To do this, the internal nostrils need to somehow provide a backflow through the mouth. Incredible, but true: Chinese and Swedish scientists recently discovered a fish called Kenichthys campbelli - a fossil monster that is 395 million years old - demonstrating this process in its middle stage. Two nostril-like openings are clearly visible between the front teeth of the fish.

Fish Kenichthys campbelli is a direct ancestor of amphibians that can breathe both on land and in water. One set of nostrils allowed her to lie in shallow water and absorb food, while the second set protruded from the water - almost like a crocodile.

Similar gaps between teeth can be seen in the early stages of human embryonic development. When these gaps do not grow together, a "wolf's mouth" is obtained. This is how one ancient fish can explain two long-standing riddles of mankind at once.

The latest research, by the way, suggests that we use each of our two outer nostrils to distinguish smells by inhaling different amounts of air through our nostrils and thereby creating a kind of nasal stereo.

Author: John Lloyd, John Mitchinson

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Where is the Boeing liner parked, where you can rent a room?

Not far from the entrance to Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, there is a hostel that is nothing more than a decommissioned Boeing-747. On board the Jumbohostel there are 27 rooms with 3 beds each with "on the floor" facilities, as well as a more expensive room in the former pilot's cockpit with private facilities inside the room.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ What is an obelisk?

▪ What do we breathe?

▪ What buildings are located in Moscow on the site of the former home of the sadistic landowner Saltychikha?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

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Random news from the Archive

Smart Watch from Apple 12.09.2014

Apple introduced its own "smart" watch, which was called simply and without fuss - Watch. The presentation took place in Cupertino, California. Along with the Watch, two new iPhone models were introduced.

Watch can be used as a "fitness device" as well as a gadget for information and communication.

Two special applications in "smart" hours - Activity and Workout - will provide monitoring of the physical activity of the owner. The first application will monitor the amount of general physical activity, as well as monitor how often the user rises from a sitting position, the second application will monitor the receipt of physical activity, including, for example, cycling.

Watch can be used as a "personal trainer" that will suggest the most appropriate goals and help you achieve them. Goals will be based on a history of physical activity. The gadget is equipped with a heart rate sensor, an accelerometer and a gyroscope, a Siri voice control function, and can support phone calls and text messages (with voice dictation).

The Watch case is made of metal and is waterproof. On the right side there is a rotating control crown, which resembles the winding crown in a conventional mechanical watch. By scrolling the crown, you can select the date and time in the calendar, change the image scale, etc. There is a home button next to the head. The screen protector is made of sapphire.

The manufacturer reports that the Watch has developed its own graphical interface. "It would be terrible if the iPhone interface was ported to the Watch," says Tim Cook, Apple's CEO. For this reason, the rotating head of the Digital Crown has become the main control of the new gadget.

Apple has used its own SoC called the Apple S1 in the device. On the back of the smartwatch are the magnetic contacts needed to connect the charger (their design is similar to the MagSafe power connector on a Mac PC). These magnets have built-in pulse sensors.

The interface of the smartwatch is designed to keep the screen small and uncluttered, while still providing the user with quick access to applications and functions. On the home screen, there are many small shortcuts between which the owner of the device can move, the shortcuts are enlarged.

At the same time, some methods of managing the interface are taken from the iOS operating system. For example, if you swipe up from the bottom of the screen, information about the weather and upcoming meetings will be displayed, as well as a music player and a world clock.

New Watch applications will be developed based on WatchKit. The Watch, like the new iPhones, will support the Apple Pay payment feature.

Watch can only work in tandem with an Apple smartphone. Supported models are iPhone 5s, 5c and 5, as well as iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus.

According to Tim Cook, Watch sales should be expected in early 2015.

"Smart" watches will be produced in three series: a simple Watch in a steel case, Watch Sport in an aluminum case, and a Watch Edition in an 18 carat gold case. The price of the device in the US will start at $349.

It is also reported that six different straps will be available to the buyer, incl. straps made of leather, plastic and steel, and even magnetic straps. There is also a Watch model in a reduced size case.

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