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Artificial eyes

27.07.2002

Canadian doctors managed to partially restore sight to a 39-year-old farmer who was blinded 20 years ago as a result of an accident. This is not the first patient whom Dr. W. Doubel, the inventor of "artificial eyes", helped to get rid of seemingly hopeless blindness.

Patients wear what looks like sunglasses with a miniature camera embedded in them. The microcomputer and stimulator are located in a special bag or on a belt. All this equipment is attached to a tiny device resembling a fire hydrant and implanted in the skull. This device connects two electrodes to the surface area of the brain responsible for vision.

Unfortunately, "artificial eyes" will not help, for example, those who are blind from birth or who lost their sight in childhood, since in such patients the cerebral cortex is underdeveloped. Those who have lost the ability to see already at a fairly mature age, and who remember what and how it should look, with the help of "artificial eyes" will be able to distinguish between surrounding objects.

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source of maternal instinct 03.09.2019

Biologists from Louisiana State University (USA) conducted a study on two groups of mice: the first were males, the second - females. The researchers found a group of cells activated by the hormone oxytocin in the brains of female mice, while no such cells were found in male mice.

Oxytocin is also known as the "love hormone" and plays an important role in regulating behavior, including maternal behavior.

"Many scientists have tried to figure out the difference between the oxytocin system in women and men, but no one has yet found conclusive evidence. Our discovery came as a big surprise to us," said Ryoichi Teruyama, assistant professor of biological sciences at the University of Louisiana.

Oxytocin receptors, as it turned out, are contained in the area of the brain responsible for the so-called maternal behavior. Moreover, biologists reported that the expression of oxytocin receptors in these cells is observed only when estrogen, the female sex hormone, is also present there. Therefore, these cells are involved in stimulating the "maternal instinct".

Recent studies have already demonstrated an association between altered oxytocin receptor expression and postpartum depression, which occurs in approximately 10-20 percent of women who have recently given birth. According to biologists from Louisiana, their discovery could help create new methods for the treatment of postpartum depression, which would already be the cells that are activated by oxytocin.

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