What are we breathing? Detailed answer

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What are we breathing? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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What do we breathe?

By air. Earth's atmosphere is largely a product of the organisms living in it. Approximate composition of the Earth's atmosphere: 78,09% (volume) nitrogen, 20,95% (volume) oxygen, varying amounts of water vapor (0,002-4% mass), 0,93% (volume) argon, 0,038% (volume) dioxide carbon and small amounts of hydrogen, helium, other gases and pollutants.

In the surface air there is always a large amount of suspended solid and liquid particles that form aerosols. Above 120 km, the distribution of chemicals under the influence of gravity becomes significant. Therefore, closer to the surface, molecular and atomic oxygen and nitrogen predominate, and higher, hydrogen and helium, which, due to their low atomic weight, slowly dissipate into outer space.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What was the largest city in 1500?

The southern part of the Mexican Highlands is considered the historical core of Mexico. When the Spaniards first got there in 1519, they saw a big city. It was the capital of the Aztec Empire, Tenochtitlan, the largest city in the world at that time. At least 300 thousand people lived in the city (for comparison, in London at that time - 200 thousand people).

Tenochtitlan was founded in 1325. The city stood on an island in the center of a large lake, on the banks of which there were smaller cities. The lake was salty, and pipes stretched to the cities, through which water flowed from the neighboring mountains.

The Spaniards destroyed the cities to their very foundations. They filled up both the lake and the canals surrounding the capital. However, it was not the Spaniards who did this, but the Indians themselves, whom the conquerors turned into slaves. On the site of Tenochtitlan, another city grew up - Mexico City.

In modern Mexico City, a huge city, the capital of Mexico, one sixth of all Mexicans live. More than half of all enterprises in the country work here.

In the center of Mexico City, on Constitution Square, there is one of the palaces of the Aztec emperor Montezuma and an Aztec temple in which human sacrifices were made. Both the palace and the temple were restored.

The widest and greenest street in Mexico City is Paseo de la Reforma. This street is a copy of the Champs Elysees in Paris. It stretches for many kilometers and crosses Chapultepec Park, where the Aztecs rested. In the center of the park stands an ancient palace where the Spanish rulers lived.

On the site of another large park, Alameda, there was a market under the Aztecs, and during the time of the Spaniards, a square where heretics were burned. That's what it's called - Burning Square.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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Random news from the Archive

Men should not drink after the gym 17.08.2016

Researchers from the University of North Texas set up the following experiment: they asked several men and women, regularly, at least twice a week, "pumping muscles", perform 10 squats with heavy weight. Then they were given either water or vodka diluted with water (however, those who drank water believed that they were also given alcohol - a glass of water was specially smeared with alcohol for smell). All participants in the experiment took a muscle biopsy three times: once before strength exercises and twice after - after three hours and after five hours.

In both men and women, exercise activated signal chains associated with the mTOR protein, which controls cell growth. After exercise, mTOR molecules received a stimulating modification and accelerated overall protein synthesis, thereby pushing cells to divide. But if a person drank a portion of alcohol after a squat session, mTOR activated worse, and the signal for cell growth and division turned out to be weak.

The most curious thing was that alcohol attenuation of this molecular signal occurred only in men. Why it is in men and not in women is not yet completely clear, but, obviously, it's all about testosterone: in the male body, physical activity causes a surge of testosterone, which triggers muscle growth.

In women, testosterone is low, the signal for muscle growth is generally weaker, and therefore the effect of alcohol is almost absent. One way or another, alcohol, as it turned out, quite successfully suppresses the effect of strength exercises, so if a man wants to pump up quickly, he should be moderate with alcohol, otherwise he will have to spend more time and effort on it.

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