How can you make a cloud indoors? Detailed answer

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How can you make a cloud indoors? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

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How can you make a cloud indoors?

Dutch artist Berndnot Smilde came up with a way to make clouds indoors. To do this, he creates conditions for carefully selected parameters of temperature, humidity and lighting, and then releases some steam from the smoke machine. The resulting cloud stays in the air for a few moments, which is enough to photograph it.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How did fortune smile on the Australian driver after 14 minutes of clinical death?

Australian driver Bill Morgan had an accident in 1999, resulting in clinical death within 14 minutes. Then there were twelve days in a coma, after which Morgan fully restored his health. About a year later, a lucky man bought a lottery ticket and won a $17 car. Local television wanted to film this unheard-of fortune, and during filming, Morgan had to erase the protective layer from another lottery ticket on camera. It turned out that this time he won the $000 jackpot.

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Ion Engine X-3 20.10.2017

NASA specialists tested the X-3 ion engine developed by researchers from the University of Michigan (USA), which set new records for power, thrust and current.

The principle of operation of the X-3 engine is based on the Hall effect, which occurs when a magnetic field acts on moving charged particles - for example, gas ions. In this case, the ions deviate from their trajectory, which causes a current perpendicular to the main direction. This creates additional thrust and makes it possible to achieve a high flow rate of xenon, which is used as an ionized gas.

The ion thruster, one meter in diameter, weighs 227 kilograms and is equipped with three plasma output channels, which makes it possible to reduce its size compared to single-channel thrusters. The X-3 is powered by the XR-100 electric propulsion system developed by the American company Aerojet Rocketdyne. During the process in the vacuum chamber, the engine showed a power of more than 100 kilowatts and a thrust of 5,4 newtons.

For comparison, other samples of Hall effect ion thrusters developed a power of no more than five kilowatts. The main advantage of such engines is a high specific impulse - about 40 kilometers per second. Conventional liquid fuel rockets develop only 5 kilometers per second. As a result, less fuel is spent, but the thrust is low, so ion engines have not yet been able to overcome the earth's gravity.

NASA specialists intend to continue testing the X-3 ion engine next year. During the next stage of testing, scientists are going to test the endurance of the engine by making it run at full power for 100 hours. Especially for this experiment, a special magnetic shielding system will be built, which will protect the walls of the ion engine from hot plasma.

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