What are stars made of? Detailed answer

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What are stars made of? Detailed answer

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What are stars made of?

Stars that appear to us as small blue dots in the dark night sky are actually bright suns like ours. In other words, they are huge spherical accumulations of hot gases. They are so hot that a piece of steel would instantly turn into steam if it came close to the surface of any of them! The density of these gases in many stars is low, because the particles of atoms of various substances that make up stars are at a fairly large distance from each other.

Each star contains many chemical elements. For example, the presence of at least 60 elements has been detected on the Sun. Among them are hydrogen, helium, iron, calcium, magnesium and others. In cooler stars, matter is mostly in liquid form, reminiscent of boiling iron in blast furnaces.

In the oldest and coldest stars, particles of matter are so densely "packed" that a cubic centimeter of it can weigh a ton or even more. Such stars are called extinct. Not being able to take samples of material from the surface of stars, astronomers use special instruments, spectroscopes, to study them.

The spectroscope allows you to get the emission spectrum of a star, that is, a set of wavelengths emitted by a star. Using the spectrum, scientists can determine the chemical composition of a star and its temperature. Each chemical element corresponds to a certain wavelength of light, and the intensity of the radiation makes it possible to distinguish the degree of its heating.

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why were people afraid of eclipses in the past?

Solar and lunar eclipses have been familiar to man since ancient times. When a person did not yet know why these phenomena occur, the extinction of the Sun in broad daylight caused him panic fear.

The bright Sun shines in the blue sky, and gradually the sunlight begins to weaken. Damage appears on the right edge of the Sun. It slowly increases, and the solar disk takes the form of a sickle, bulging to the left. The darkness thickens. It's getting colder. The last ray of sunshine is extinguished. Everything plunges into darkness. The sky takes on a night look, the stars appear. In place of the extinguished Sun, a black disk is visible, surrounded by a silver-pearl radiance. Birds and animals fall silent. Unusual darkness lasts about five minutes, and now, from behind a black disk, the shining edge of the Sun appears on the right, bright rays flash. The stars are fading. All nature comes alive again. The sun takes the form of a sickle, but already turned in the other direction. The sickle increases, and after an hour everything is as usual in the sky.

In the eclipse of the Sun, ancient people saw the manifestation of unknown, supernatural forces. The ancient Chinese thought that this monstrous dragon was devouring the sun. They met the eclipse with the sounds of a gong, ringing of bells, shouting and playing musical instruments, singing prayers - they tried to drive away the monster. People believed that the eclipse was sent by God: it portends the end of the world, hunger and misfortune. In ancient chronicles, for example, in "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", an eclipse of the Sun is mentioned.

Lunar eclipses were also considered a bad omen: the ominous red color of the moon made people think of war, blood and death.

Science has revealed the true cause of these celestial phenomena, removed from them the veil of the mysterious and supernatural. During a solar eclipse, the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and hides it from us. During a lunar eclipse, the moon falls into the region of the shadow cast by the globe. During eclipses, astronomers make important scientific observations.

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New line of noise protection filters TDK-Lambda 31.03.2009

The new TDKLambda R-Series low-profile single-phase and three-phase EMI filters allow designers to avoid mechanical compatibility and electrical performance issues when designing OEM equipment.

Single-phase filter models are available with current ratings ranging from 0,5 to 300 A for 250 V AC or 250 V DC, with a ground leakage current of 1 mA. A low leakage current of 1 µA is available at 250 VAC, 60 Hz.

Series B three-phase models are available in current ratings ranging from 6A to 1000A for 500V AC or 500V DC operation. The maximum earth leakage current is 2,5 mA at 250 VAC at 60 Hz or 5 mA at 500 V at 60 Hz.

Various mounting options are available: wire leads, spade terminal, captive screw terminal. Installation of models with current up to 30 A is provided both on the chassis and on the DIN rail. Products are certified for compliance with international standards.

The operating temperature range is from -25 to 85°C. The R series includes filters of both first and second order with effective suppression of low-frequency and impulse noise, with various bandwidths for suppressing interference and noise.

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