Differences between ancient and modern intestinal microflora. Free Technical Library News

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Differences between ancient and modern intestinal microflora

09.03.2016

American scientists for the first time compared the intestinal microflora of three types of population: hunter-gatherers from the African forests, their neighbors, farmers with access to the benefits of civilization, and urban Americans.

Scientists have worked with Baka pygmies, which feed on game, fish, fruits and vegetables. Their neighbors (the Bantu-speaking tribes of the Central African Republic) are fully integrated into the modern market economy: they grow fruits, roots and other plants, herd goats, and use antibiotics and other Western medicines (if they have the opportunity). Andres Gomez and his colleagues took biomaterial from 29 members of both tribes for analysis.

The set of bacteria in the Pygmies and the Bantu turned out to be approximately identical, although farmers were inferior to hunter-gatherers in terms of species diversity. At the same time, the microbiome of pygmies is much closer to the microbiome of wild primates (gorillas) than to the intestinal microflora of the inhabitants of the United States. The evolution of microflora towards civilization went mainly through the build-up of funds necessary for the processing of carbohydrates and xenobiotics (chemical substances alien to living organisms).

This process is due to the fact that the Bantu (not to mention the Americans) eat more sugars and drugs than the Pygmies. According to Gomez, these differences apply not only to modern times: the evolution of the microbiome was in the same direction during the Neolithic and industrial revolutions.

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