Tourist sailboat. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Free library / Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

Tourist sailboat. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

More recently, it seemed that the legendary sailing ships of past centuries - light brigantines, graceful schooners, swift clippers, covered with romance, but turned out to be impractical in our rationalistic age, have forever sunk into oblivion. However, is it forever?

In recent years, this view has changed significantly. Confirmation of this is thousands of light boats plowing lakes and reservoirs, seas and oceans. Shipbuilders are thinking about building quite profitable sailing giants, but for now the industry has begun to produce small "family" yachts: a sailboat from a sports vessel is becoming a truly mass means of recreation for millions.

First of all, the availability of a sail is explained by the fact that shipyards have sharply reduced the cost of manufacturing small-sized vessels. New materials and technological methods are used - gluing hulls from plywood and veneer, from fiberglass based on synthetic waterproof resins, and the use of light alloys. In-line production methods have become one of the reasons for the emergence of monotype yachts, that is, ships with strictly repeating parameters within the same class.

The desire to further reduce the cost of ships has led to their miniaturization. The consumer quickly appreciated the advantages of mini-dinghies and mini-yachts: they had strong non-setting fiberglass hulls, the rigidity of which was provided only by the curvature of the shell, internal cavities filled with foaming materials that radically solve the problem of unsinkability, and with all this, with a length of 3,5-6 m possessed sufficient comfort and good seaworthiness.

The most popular were dinghies. They can be used both for participation in sailing races and for recreation: tourism, walking, fishing. Today there are tens of thousands of such sailboats. These are the "mirror dings", "vorien" and "mot" widespread throughout the world, as well as the "Optimist" and "Cadet" mini-dinghies mass-produced in our country.

These ships have a lot in common. First of all, they are all cheap, simple and safe. Their length ranges from 3 to 4,5 m, width - from 1,2 to 1,5 m. The sail area usually does not exceed 8 m2, and the weight is estimated at only tens of kilograms, which is important! - allows you to transport them on the roof rack of a car or, in extreme cases, on a two-wheeled trailer. Small dimensions greatly simplify storage and operation - there is no need to have a permanent parking lot on the water.

Rice. 1. Tourist dinghy with Bermuda weapons: 1 - hull, 2 - daggerboard, 3 - daggerboard well, 4 - bank, 5 - vant-putens, 6 - forepeak bulkhead, 7 - standers, 8 - deck, 9 - head-putens, 10 - turnbuckle, 11 - shroud, 12 - stay, 13 - staysail, 14 - mainsail, 15 - mast, 16 - wind vane, 17 - boom, 18 - staysail sheet, 19 - boom sheet, 20 - transom, 21 - rudder

Structurally, mini-dinghies are also very similar. Figures 1 and 3 show two sailboats. The first is for tourism, and the second is for small walks. The hulls of tourist ships should provide convenient accommodation for the crew and camping equipment, therefore they are characterized by a large cockpit (cutout in the deck) and lockers for storing property. The hulls of recreational and sports dinghies are usually completely covered by the deck and have only a small cockpit for the crew. Other than that, they are twin brothers.

The problem of safe navigation on mini-dinghies of suites is no less acute than on the largest ships. In this case, it is solved by using buoyancy compartments - air boxes or foam blocks. A sailboat equipped in this way, even after capsizing, easily rises to an even keel. In a number of designs, a second bottom is used, or, as it is otherwise called, a self-draining cockpit. The additional bottom is usually located above the waterline, therefore, after the vessel is lifted to an even keel, water leaves the hold through the drain holes in the transom (scuppers).

An indispensable part of any dinghy (which, in general, gave the name to the sailing ships of this class) is the daggerboard. It is a metal or plywood plate installed under the bottom of the vessel and performs a very important job of reducing drift "downwind" and moving the vessel "upwind". Structurally, the daggerboards are made swivel or "dagger" The latter are simpler, since the daggerboard well for them takes up less space in the cockpit, however, when it gets aground, such a daggerboard breaks or destroys the daggerboard well. Therefore, it is customary to equip tourist ships with rotary daggerboards - when in contact with an underwater obstacle, such a daggerboard simply rotates around its axis.

The steering arrangements of mini dinghies are almost the same as the corresponding equipment of full size yachts. Traditionally, it consists of a tiller, a ballerina box and a feather. The feather (as well as the centerboard) can be fixed and swivel. The tiller is often made with an extension, which allows you to control the sailboat when tilting.

Sailing equipment is very diverse. Bermuda armament is widely used (Fig. 1), but along with it there are also weapons such as guari, hafel, rake and Latin (Fig. 3, see also "M-K" No. 6, 1977).

The popularity of Bermuda weapons is due to their high aerodynamic qualities. With an equal area with sails of other types (Fig. 2), Bermudian provides the vessel with the highest speed.

Rice. 2. The main types of weapons of the mini-dinghy (click to enlarge): A - dinghy with Bermuda weapons (Bermuda cat); B - gaff rigged dinghy (gaff sloop); B - dinghy with guari armament (sloop "guari"); G - dinghy with Latin weapons; D - rake-rigged dinghy (rake cat).

The guari-type armament is somewhat different: with the same height of the sail as Bermuda, the mast is made half as short, since the upper (halyard) angle of the sail is raised with the help of a hafel. Such armament is very convenient for tourist ships, since the mast, together with the hafel and boom, takes up less space during transportation.

The aerodynamic qualities of gaff weapons are even lower. For all its similarity to the guari, the height of the sail does not allow the use of the upper winds.

Recently, with the advent of pleasure dinghies, Latin armament has been revived. It includes a mast, a boom and a long hafel, but unlike the guari, the height of the sail is small. An important feature of the latin sail is the low center of aerodynamic pressure (centre of windage), which improves stability. This basically predetermined the popularity of such weapons on pleasure boats.

Tourist dinghy
Rice. 3. Pleasure dinghy with Latin weapons: 1 - mainsail, 2 - hafel, 3 - mast, 4 - cockpit, 5 - boom, 6 - deck, 7 - water chipper (water cutter), 8 - centerboard, 9 - hull, 10 - steering wheel , 11 - boom sheet

And finally, rake weapons. It is used relatively rarely and on very small boats of the "Optimist" type. The fact is that the quality of such a sail is low, but it pays off with a low center of sail.

The standing rigging of a mini-dinghy is, as a rule, reduced to a minimum - a headstay and a pair of shrouds. Standing rigging can be dispensed with, especially when using flexible, glued wood, fiberglass or metal masts. Most often this is done on cat sailboats, that is, armed with one sail - a mainsail.

Swift, graceful, compact - such mini dinghies, despite their small size, are comfortable and reliable.

Author: V.Evstratov

We recommend interesting articles Section Personal transport: land, water, air:

▪ Modernization of tractor servomechanism

▪ Yacht from a kayak

▪ Modernization of the MMVZ-3115 engine

See other articles Section Personal transport: land, water, air.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

New method for creating powerful batteries 08.05.2024

With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Bacterial battery for Mars 06.04.2020

American scientists have developed a biogenerator of electricity based on bacteria and silicon nanowires. It can produce energy, oxygen and organics on Mars using water and carbon dioxide.

In the past five years, at the suggestion of American entrepreneur Elon Musk, scientists have begun to seriously think about the colonization of Mars and other potentially habitable planets. To do this, we need to solve two main problems: to learn how to produce energy from local resources, as well as oxygen, water and food.

Now NASA experts are planning to solve this problem using compact nuclear reactors the size of a large suitcase that can operate on the surface of Mars and in airless outer space. The first working prototypes of such generators, which can produce about 40 kilowatts of energy and heat, are planned to be created by experts in about three years.

Yang and his colleagues propose replacing nuclear reactors with more environmentally friendly ones, in which energy is generated not by the decay of uranium-235 atoms and other unstable elements, but by bacteria of the species Sporomusa ovata.

These microbes have a relatively rare yet useful feature: they can capture free electrons from the environment and use them to break down carbon dioxide molecules and produce nutrients. Accordingly, they can be "connected" to a solar battery in order to simultaneously produce electricity and organics.

Guided by this idea, scientists have grown a kind of "forest" of silicon nanowires that can absorb light and emit electrons into the environment. They filled it with a culture of Sporomusa ovata, choosing a liquid habitat for them that would not interfere with the generator and help the bacteria grow.

Such a system converts approximately 3,6% of the energy absorbed into vinegar and similar organic compounds, while generating oxygen. Such an efficiency indicator is significantly inferior to the most advanced inorganic solar panels, the efficiency of which is more than 20%, but at the same time it surpasses almost all existing plants, with the exception of sugar cane.

As scientists hope, the next versions of such biobatteries will be able to produce other types of organics, and will also be more efficient. Such systems, according to Yan, will help to colonize not only Mars, but also become a universal basis for life support systems for other long expeditions beyond the Earth's orbit.

Other interesting news:

▪ Drill increases aggression

▪ Excess weight harms memory and learning ability

▪ Magnetic portable charger Anker 622 Magnetic Battery

▪ Transcend 512 GB 510 MB/s Memory Cards

▪ Li-ion battery capacity doubled

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the website Residual current devices. Selection of articles

▪ article Action of ultraviolet radiation. Basics of safe life

▪ article After whom did scientists name the gene whose deletion makes mice smarter? Detailed answer

▪ article Industrial ventilation

▪ article Internal lightning protection system. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article The riddle of the torn poster. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews