Industrial ventilation. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Industrial ventilation. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Вventilation - this is an air exchange in the room to remove excess heat, moisture, harmful and other air pollutants in order to ensure acceptable microclimatic conditions and air purity.

In production conditions, ventilation varies:

according to the method of air movement - natural and mechanical;
according to the form of air exchange organization - local and general exchange.

Types of ventilation units are:

exhaust (designed to remove air) - local and general;
supply (carry out air supply) - local (air showers, curtains, oases) and general (scattered or concentrated inflow).

With natural ventilation, air exchange occurs due to the temperature difference, and, consequently, the specific mass of air inside the production room and outside it, i.e. under the influence of thermal pressure, as well as due to the influence of wind (wind pressure). The effect of these factors is the greater, the greater the temperature difference in the upper and lower zones of the room and the greater the height of the room.

Natural ventilation of industrial premises can be unorganized and organized.

With unorganized ventilation (ventilation), air enters and leaves through windows, vents, special openings, as well as through leaks in external fences (infiltration).

Organized (regulated) natural ventilation of industrial premises is called aeration.

Unlike natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation allows pre-treatment of the supply air - humidification, heating or cooling and cleaning from dust, gases and other impurities.

General exchange ventilation is used in cases where harmful substances, excess (mainly convection) heat and moisture are released dispersed throughout the working room and it is not technically possible to remove them using local exhausts, as well as in cases where it is necessary to dilute the remaining air to MPC not removed by local suction.

Supply air must be processed: heated or cooled, cleaned from dust, and in some cases - humidified.

Air recirculation in supply and exhaust ventilation systems is used during the cold and transitional seasons in order to save heat spent on air heating. During recirculation, part of the air removed from the room after appropriate purification from harmful substances is again sent to the room.

Air conditioning - creation and automatic regulation in the premises of the specified parameters of the microclimate and sanitary and hygienic parameters (temperature, humidity, air mobility). Air conditioning systems must supply dust-free air. Sometimes there are requirements for air purification from bacteria, for its ionization, deodorization or aromatization.

The volume of air removed from the room by exhaust ventilation units must be compensated by an organized supply of clean air. An unorganized inflow of outside air to compensate for the exhaust during the cold period of the year is allowed 1 time per hour, if there is no hypothermia of the air and the formation of fog.

Of particular importance is an efficient ventilation system in industries using explosive substances. "Rules for the design, manufacture, installation, repair and safe operation of explosion-proof fans" were approved by the Decree of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated June 10, 2003 No. 84 (PB 03-590-03).

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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