Protection against electric shock. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Protection against electric shock. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Electrical networks and installations must be designed so that their current-carrying parts are inaccessible to accidental touch.

The inaccessibility of current-carrying parts is achieved by their reliable isolation, the use of protective fences (casings, covers, grids, etc.), the location of current-carrying parts at an inaccessible height.

In installations with voltages up to 1000V, the use of insulated wires provides sufficient protection.

In the case when it is impossible to achieve reliable insulation or fencing of live parts, apply blocking (electrical and mechanical) for automatic disconnection of dangerous voltage when a person enters the danger zone.

Structural execution fences depends on the installation voltage. Guardrails must be designed so that they can be removed and opened with keys or a tool. Mesh fencing of current-carrying parts in residential, public and other domestic premises is not allowed. Fences should be solid here.

Application of low voltages

POT RM 016-2001 / RD 153-34.0-03.150-00 "Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations" establishes voltage limits for manual current collectors for rooms of various categories.

For especially dangerous rooms:

hand tool - voltage up to 50 V;
portable lamps - voltage 12 V;
miner's lamps - voltage 2,5 V.
For hazardous areas:
hand tool - voltage 50 V;
lamps - voltage 50 V.

If it is impossible to use a voltage of 50 V, it is allowed to use the power tool on U = 220 V in the presence of a residual current device or reliable grounding of the body of the power tool with the obligatory use of protective equipment (gloves, mats).

Safety isolating transformers are used as low voltage sources. The use of autotransformers as low voltage sources for powering portable power tools is prohibited.

Double insulation

With double insulation, in addition to the main working insulation of current-carrying parts, another layer of insulation is used, which covers metal non-current-carrying parts that may be energized. It is possible to manufacture electrical equipment cases from insulating material (plastic, nylon).

The widespread use of double insulation is limited due to the lack of plastics and coatings that are resistant to mechanical damage. Therefore, the scope of double insulation is limited. It is used in electrical equipment of low power (tools, portable current collectors, household appliances).

Protection against loss of attention, orientation and wrong actions

This protection is carried out through the use of interlocks, alarms, special equipment coloring, markings, safety signs.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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