Hazard identification. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Hazard identification. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Ensuring human safety in the labor process is a complex engineering task, of course, depending on the specific circumstances and conditions of a particular production. At the same time, the technical foundations of managing the safety of working conditions are quite typical and consist in the identification (recognition) of hazardous and harmful production factors, risk assessment, including their analysis and risk management. A variety of hazards and harmful production factors allows for a variety of classifications. Such classifications are used in practice to identify (recognize) hazardous and harmful production factors and their associated risks for the subsequent organization of protection against the most common (high probabilistic risk) and most damaging (high cost risk) factors.

In our country, the identification of hazardous and harmful production factors is carried out at workplaces by means of attestation of workplaces according to working conditions.

By the nature of the impact on a person, dangerous and harmful production factors are divided into the following groups: physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological.

Physical hazardous and harmful production factors include: moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of production equipment, moving products (materials, blanks), collapsing structures, collapsing rocks; increased dust and gas content in the air of the working area; increased or decreased temperature of surfaces of equipment, materials; increased or decreased air temperature of the working area; increased levels of noise, vibration, ultrasound, infrasonic vibrations; increased or decreased barometric pressure and its abrupt change; increased or decreased humidity, mobility, air ionization; increased level of ionizing radiation; increased voltage in the electrical circuit; increased levels of static electricity, electromagnetic radiation; increased intensity of electric, magnetic fields, lack or lack of natural light; insufficient illumination of the working area; increased brightness of light; reduced contrast; direct and reflected brilliance; increased pulsation of the light flux; increased levels of ultraviolet and infrared radiation; sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surface of workpieces, tools and equipment; the location of the workplace at a considerable height relative to the ground (floor); weightlessness.

Chemical hazardous and harmful production factors include chemicals that, according to the nature of their impact on the human body, are divided into toxic, irritating, sensitizing, carcinogenic, mutagenic, affecting reproductive function. According to the routes of penetration into the human body, they are divided into those penetrating the body through the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, the skin and mucous membranes.

Biological hazardous and harmful production factors include pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, spirochetes, fungi, protozoa) and their metabolic products, as well as macroorganisms (plants and animals).

Psychophysiological dangerous and harmful production factors include physical (static and dynamic) and neuropsychic overloads (mental overstrain, overstrain of analyzers, monotony of work, emotional overloads).

Note that the same real dangerous and harmful production factor, by the nature of its action, can simultaneously belong to different types.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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