Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Providing first aid to the injured

fracture It is called a broken bone. In the area of the fracture, the victim experiences a sharp pain, which increases when trying to change position, a noticeable deformation caused by displacement of bone fragments, and swelling. Fractures are open and closed; an open fracture is accompanied by a violation of the skin.

In case of fractures, the victim must ensure immobilization (creation of rest) of the broken bone. This reduces pain and prevents further displacement of bone fragments and re-injury of blood vessels and soft tissues.

With open fractures, bleeding is first stopped and a sterile bandage is applied. For immobilization, tires are used standard or made from improvised material (plywood, boards, sticks, etc.).

With a closed fracture, clothes should not be removed from the victim - a splint should be applied over it.

It is necessary to apply "cold" to the fracture site (rubber bladder with ice, cold water, cold lotions, etc.) to reduce pain.

A dislocation is a permanent displacement of the bones in a joint, when the articular surfaces cease to touch partially or completely. Sharp pain at the time of dislocation does not decrease in the subsequent time. The most characteristic for dislocation is the impossibility of movements in the joint, its unnatural position, and swelling.

Dislocation or fracture it is necessary to ensure complete immobility of the injured limb with the help of a splint and apply cold to the injury site. You should not try to correct the dislocation yourself, only a doctor can do this.

The victim must be taken to a medical facility, creating a calm position of the injured limb or other part of the body during transportation and transfer to medical personnel.

In case of fracture or dislocation of the bones of the limb by imposing a splint, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of at least two joints - one above, the other below the fracture site, and in case of a fracture of large bones - even three. The center of the tire should be at the fracture site. The splint bandage should not compress large vessels, nerves and bone protrusions. It is better to wrap the tire with a soft cloth and wrap it with a bandage. The splint is fixed with a bandage, a scarf, a waist belt, etc. In the absence of a splint, the injured upper limb should be bandaged to the body, and the damaged lower limb to the healthy one.

With a fracture or dislocation of the humerus tires should be applied to the arm bent at the elbow joint. In case of damage to the upper part of the bone, the splint should capture two joints - the shoulder and elbow, and in case of a fracture of the lower part - and the wrist (Fig. 37). Tires must be bandaged to the hand with a bandage, the hand should be hung on a scarf or bandage to the neck.

In case of a fracture or dislocation of the forearm, a splint (the width of a palm) should be applied from the elbow joint to the fingertips, putting a dense lump of cotton wool into the palm of the victim, a bandage that the victim seems to hold in his fist (Fig. 38).

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 37. Splinting for a broken shoulder

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 38. Splinting for a fractured forearm

In the absence of tires, the hand can be hung on a scarf to the neck (Fig. 39) or on the field of the jacket (Fig. 40). If the arm (in case of dislocation) lags behind the body, something soft (for example, a bundle of clothes) should be placed between it and the body.

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 39. Hanging a hand on a scarf

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 40. Hanging a hand on the field of a jacket

In case of fracture or dislocation of the bones of the hand and fingers hands, the hand should be bandaged to a wide (palm-width) splint, which should start from the middle of the forearm and end at the end of the fingers. In the palm of the injured hand, you must first put a lump of cotton wool, bandage, etc., so that the fingers are somewhat bent. Hang your hand on a scarf or bandage to your neck.

In case of a fracture or dislocation of the femur, it is necessary to strengthen the sore leg with a splint from the outside so that one end of the splint reaches the armpit and the other reaches the heel. The second tire is applied to the inside of the injured leg from the crotch to the heel (Fig. 41).

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 41. Splinting for hip fracture

This ensures complete rest of the entire lower limb. Tires should be applied, if possible, without lifting the leg, but holding it in place, and bandaged in several places (to the torso, thigh, lower leg), but not near and not at the site of the fracture. Push the bandage under the lower back, knee and heel with a stick.

In case of a fracture or dislocation of the bones of the lower leg, the knee and ankle joints are fixed (Fig. 42).

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 42. Splinting for a broken leg

With a fracture or dislocation of the collarbone you should put a small lump of cotton wool in the armpit on the damaged side, bandage the arm bent at the elbow at a right angle to the body (Fig. 43), hang the arm to the neck on a scarf or bandage. Bandage should be from a sore hand to the back.

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 43. Applying a bandage for a fracture or dislocation of the collarbone

In case of spinal injury there is a sharp pain in the spine, it is impossible to bend the back and turn around. First aid should be as follows: carefully, without lifting the victim, slip a wide board under his back, a door removed from the hinges, or turn the victim face down and strictly ensure that when turning his body does not bend (to avoid damage to the spinal cord).

With broken ribs there is pain when breathing, coughing and moving. When providing assistance, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

With a fracture of the pelvic bones there is pain when feeling the pelvis, pain in the groin, in the sacrum, it is impossible to raise the straightened leg. Help is as follows: a wide board must be slipped under the victim’s back, put him in the “frog” position, that is, bend his knees and spread apart, and move his feet together, put a roller of clothes under his knees. You can not turn the victim on his side, plant and put on his feet (to avoid damage to internal organs).

For head injury possible skull fracture (signs: bleeding from the ears and mouth, unconsciousness) or concussion (signs: headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness). First aid in this case is as follows: the victim should be laid on his back, fix his head on both sides with soft rollers of clothing, apply a tight bandage, if there is a wound - sterile (Fig. 44), put "cold" and ensure complete rest until the doctor arrives .

$Help with fractures, dislocations, bruises and sprains$
Rice. 44 Applying a bandage for traumatic brain injury

An unconscious victim may vomit. In this case, turn his head to the side. There may also be suffocation due to retraction of the tongue. In such a situation, it is necessary to push the victim's lower jaw forward and maintain it in the same position as when performing artificial respiration (see Fig. 18).

With bruises there is swelling, pain when touching the site of injury. Help is to apply "cold" to reduce pain and prevent hemorrhage, the imposition of a tight bandage. A bruised place is given peace. Do not lubricate the bruised area with iodine, rub and apply a warm compress, as this only increases the pain.

Sprained ligaments (joint injury) sharp pain is felt, swelling appears and the mobility of the joints is limited. When providing first aid, the injured limb must be tightly bandaged and kept at rest. Cold should be applied to the injury site. The injured leg should be raised, the injured arm should be hung on a scarf to the neck.

When crushed by weight it is necessary to release the victim from under the weight, tightly bandage and raise the injured limb, placing a roller of clothing under it. Put "cold" over the bandage to reduce the absorption of toxic substances formed during the decay of damaged tissues. When a limb is broken, a splint should be applied.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to immediately begin to do artificial respiration and heart massage.

We recommend interesting articles Section Occupational Safety and Health:

▪ Social partnership

▪ Transportation of students by road

▪ Issuing additional power

See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Sensory networks made from spystones 03.11.2013

Lockheed Martin has demonstrated a new SPAN (Self-Powered Ad-hoc Network) surveillance technology. This is a hidden wireless autonomous sensor network that can provide long-term surveillance of the area. The network modules are parallelepipeds that fit in the palm of your hand, they are equipped with a radio antenna and, depending on the need, sensors: acoustic, magnetic, seismic, optical or others. The modules are so small that they can fit in a stone: an artificial piece of rock, a floor inside. From a distance of several steps, such a stone cannot be distinguished from natural, which makes it difficult to detect this tracking device.

A small sensor module equipped with wireless communication can be hidden in artificial stone, building wall and other objects and natural hiding places

The SPAN network is a self-organizing network of sensors that monitor a specific area of the surface. When one sensor-stone detects, for example, a vibration produced by an enemy tank, it sends a signal through a network of other sensor stones to an unmanned aerial vehicle, which immediately directs the lenses of a video camera and thermal imager, radar or other devices to the area where the threat was noticed. Thus, an immediate response to a threat is achieved, in addition, the need for UAVs and operators monitoring multiple monitors is reduced. The SPAN network uses algorithms to reduce false positives and operates autonomously without the need for maintenance and continuous management.

"Seeding" certain areas of the theater of operations, according to representatives of Lockheed Martin, will require minimal costs. At the same time, "smart" stones will be able to work autonomously for many years, thanks to power from solar panels and perfect energy-efficient technologies. In addition, the very fact of the existence and use of sensor stones is a powerful psychological factor affecting the enemy. Today, UAVs are an example of such a demoralizing factor that reduces the ability to resist.

Networked stones can be used not only by the military, but also, for example, when protecting pipelines, nuclear power plants and other critical infrastructure facilities.

Other interesting news:

▪ Electricity turns to gas

▪ UV LED L2523UVC

▪ Speed record in 5G network from Ericsson

▪ SAMSUNG and LG mobile phones will harm mobile operators

▪ Display for the blind

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site for those who like to travel - tips for tourists. Article selection

▪ article Korolenko Vladimir Galaktionovich. Famous aphorisms

▪ article Why is a rattlesnake poisonous? Detailed answer

▪ article Project cost manager. Job description