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Cherry (bird cherry). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Cherry (bird cherry), Prunus avium. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Prunus (plum)

Family: Pink (Rosaceae)

Origin: Cherries are native to Western Asia and Southeast Europe. It is currently cultivated in various parts of the world including Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.

Area: Cherries are grown in many regions of the world, but are most common in the temperate climates of the northern hemisphere.

Chemical composition: Cherries are rich in nutrients such as vitamin C, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds. It also contains minerals, including potassium, magnesium and iron.

Economic value: Cherries are used in the food industry for the production of preserves, jams, syrups, as well as fresh fruits for sale in shops and markets. Cherry is also used in landscape design and as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, cherries are associated with love and fertility. Cherry symbolizes love, and its flowers were used to celebrate weddings and love rituals. In medieval Europe, cherries were used as a medicine to treat stomach ailments and coughs. In Japanese culture, the cherry is a symbol of the beauty and ephemerality of life. When cherry blossoms bloom, it symbolizes the beginning of spring and a new beginning. Cherry is associated with spring and the beginning of a new cycle of life.

Cherry (bird cherry), Prunus avium. Description, illustrations of the plant

Cherry, Cerasus avium L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry

Tree 10-15 m high, with a pyramidal, rarely rounded crown. The leaves are elongated, with serrated edges, petiolate. The flowers are small, white, on long stalks, collected in an umbrella. The fruit is a drupe of irregular spherical shape. Blooms in April-May.

Cherry is native to the southeastern coast of the Black Sea in Asia Minor. In the same place, in prehistoric times, the cultivation of the plant took place. The first information about cherries is given in the writings of the famous ancient Roman scientist and encyclopedist Varro, who lived at the end of the XNUMXst century BC. Somewhat later, the famous commander Lucullus brought cherries to Rome from the Kingdom of Pontus (the city of Kerazos). Hence the Latin generic name of the sweet cherry cerasus.

Cherry grows wild in Southern Europe, the Caucasus, and Asia Minor. She is the ancestor of all cultivated varieties. Among them there are red, almost black, pink and white varieties.

Cherry is thermophilic, but grows poorly in areas with very hot summers. Prefers loamy, sandy soils; demanding on soil moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water in it. The plant is propagated by grafting on seedlings of wild cherries and cherries. Seedlings of three or four varieties are planted (for cross-pollination) at a distance of 4-8 m from each other. Care is no different from care for other fruit trees. Trees begin to bear fruit at the age of four or five years. Fruits are formed mainly on perennial bouquet twigs and on annual shoots.

Young trees grow intensively, so formative pruning should be carried out annually. The best crown shape is tiered. Be sure to remove all branches that go inside the crown, unsuccessfully located. Berries ripen in May-June. For fresh consumption, they are plucked at the stage of full ripeness c. stalks, for transportation - four to five days before ripening. The tree lives for a long time, up to 100 years.

The fruits of cultivated cherries have a sweet taste, since they contain only traces of organic acids, and the amount of sugars (mainly glucose) in some varieties reaches 18%. In addition, the fruits contain carotene, nicotinic acid, and a small amount of vitamin C. Dark-colored varieties contain a lot of P-active phenolic and coloring substances, as well as coumarins.

Salicylic acid, a lot of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron were found in the fruits; there are boron, manganese, copper, zinc and rubidium. In terms of iron content, cherries are superior to most fruits. Cherry gum consists of 50% of the polysaccharide arabin; the bark contains tannins; kernels of bones - fatty and essential oils, amygdalin glycoside, emulsin enzyme.

Fresh cherries are a proven remedy for improving digestion; use it for constipation. Gum has an enveloping effect in inflammation of the gastric mucosa. In scientific medicine, fruits are used for rheumatic diseases, and in homeopathy - flowers.

Sweet cherry is an early stone fruit crop. The fruits are consumed fresh; compote, jam, juice, soft drinks are prepared from them. A volatile essential oil is obtained from the kernels of the stones, which is used to flavor drinks.

Gum is used in the textile industry for finishing fabrics, in the paint and varnish industry for the manufacture of glue. During hydrolysis, up to 59% of arabinose is obtained from gum, from which gum arabic is produced, which gives viscosity to watercolors. Essential oils are used in the perfume industry. Due to the presence of tannins, the bark is used for tanning leather. The wood is suitable for making hoops, joinery, smoking pipes and mouthpieces.

The cherry tree is decorative and is a good honey plant.

Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.

Cherry (bird cherry), Prunus avium. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

One of the Latin synonyms for the genus cherry - Cerasus (the old name of the genus Cherry) comes from the Greek. kerasos or Armenian keraseni and is associated with the city of Cerasus (Kerasunt, currently Giresun) on the southern coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, from where, according to Pliny, consul Lucullus (I century BC) brought cherries to Rome. But it is more likely that this name comes from the Persian keras - "cherry", which, on the contrary, gave the name to the city mentioned above.

The Russian generic name "cherry" is explained in different ways: according to some scientists, it comes from lat. viscum - "bird glue" and is explained by the fact that the sticky substance protruding from the trunks of cherries was once used to catch birds. According to others, it is primordially Slavic and comes from the verb "hang", from which "visna" was formed, and later - "cherry" (the word visna is "a branch drooping under the weight of fruits" in Russian dialects).

A large tree up to 15 (rarely up to 30) meters high, characterized by rapid growth, especially at a young age. It differs from common cherry in a tall straight trunk (stem), with rather light bark, whorled branches, color (light green) and shape (oval, long, strongly serrated) of its hanging leaves, as well as a much narrower distribution area. The crown of the tree is ovoid, less often cone-shaped. A characteristic feature of sweet cherry is the presence of two types of shoots: brachyblasts (short, or fruit shoots with close internodes) (like an apple tree) and auxiblasts (elongated, or growth shoots - with noticeable internodes). The bark when young is brown, reddish or silvery, with numerous stripes, for a long time covered with brown lenticels. Sometimes it can peel off in transverse thin films.

The root system is predominantly horizontal, but under favorable conditions, well-branched vertical roots can also form. The tap root is formed only within 1-2 years of life, and over time it branches.

Sweet cherries are characterized by three types of buds: generative, vegetative and mixed type, which are respectively placed on fruit and growth shoots.

Leaves shortly pointed, obovate, oblong-ovate or elliptical, serrate, slightly wrinkled. Petioles with two glands at the base of the plate, up to 16 cm long.

The flowers are bisexual, white, usually appear on the shoots shortly before the leaves bloom, forming few-flowered, almost sessile umbrellas. There are five sepals and petals, many stamens, one pistil. Sweet cherries are characterized by several methods of reproduction (seed, stump shoots and root offspring), but under natural conditions, seed reproduction predominates (it is settled by birds).

The fruits are real drupes, with a fleshy, juicy pericarp, oval, spherical or heart-shaped in shape, and in color from light yellow (almost white) to dark red (almost black). In wild trees, the fruits are smaller than in cultivated trees, up to 2 cm in diameter. The stone is spherical or slightly elongated, with a smooth surface. Seeds are made up of a skin, germ and endosperm. The color of the peel is yellowish-brown, sometimes with a dark red tint. The fruits ripen between the end of May and the end of June.

Sweet cherry - a plant of a temperate climate of the southern Europe. It grows wild in the space from the Baltic to the Caspian Sea, throughout the middle lane to Altai, also the Crimea, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia.

Cherry gained popularity in Ancient Greece, and already in the Middle Ages, cherry orchards grew throughout Europe, especially in Italy and Germany. In Europe, sweet cherries have been cultivated for more than 2 thousand years, and in the Caucasus, where trees grow in the wild, delicious berries have long been introduced into cultivation. Cherry was originally grown in the Crimea by the ancient Greeks. And then trees with delicious berries spread to the territory of Kievan Rus.

In the southern regions, it grows in forest belts, on the outskirts of settlements, it is rare in the middle lane, sometimes in completely unpredictable places, where birds accidentally bring it (cherries are settled by seeds that birds eat along with fruits).

Needs protection.

Cherry fruits contain organic acids, sugars (fructose, glucose), vitamins C, A, B1, B2, E, PP, microelements (iron, iodine), macroelements (potassium, calcium, magnesium and others), pectin substances, as well as anthocyanins - substances from the group of flavonoids.

Cherry fruits are highly valued for their pleasant sweet taste. The fruits are consumed fresh, they are also suitable for various types of processing: obtaining juices, compotes, fruit wine, making jam and jam.

Cherry fruits contain a considerable amount of vitamins, minerals, substances useful for the human body. That is why cherries are recommended for use by pregnant women, people suffering from cardiovascular and skin diseases. Also, the product helps with colds, treats a runny nose, cough.

Cherry is used in beauty parlors, because. it is able to heal the skin, improve its composition by absorbing harmful bacteria. It cleanses the skin, blood, helps in the treatment of acne and blood clots.

Cherry is a good remedy in the treatment of stomach diseases, abdominal pain. In practice, it has been proven that this product is more effective than many other means of expelling infections and viral diseases from the body. This berry can become the basis of your diet for weight loss, replacing all other sweets, and it will also help to remove harmful substances from the body. It can replace harmful chemical-based drugs that many are already accustomed to taking for ailments.

There are few contraindications for cherries. With certain diseases of the intestine, such as adhesive disease, it is strictly forbidden to consume cherries. It is undesirable to use cherries on an empty stomach or immediately after a meal. It should take about 40 minutes (or even an hour). Doctors recommend eating cherries in an amount of no more than 300 grams per day and be sure to combine the diet with other fruits and berries. This is explained by the fact that cherries (in their cleansing abilities) in large quantities can remove both harmful substances and the necessary vitamins and minerals from the body.

The main value of cherries, of course, is food. In addition, cherries are a valuable early spring honey plant that provides bees with nectar, pollen and propolis. Sweet cherry honey productivity reaches 35 kg of honey per hectare of plantings.

Cherries are self-infertile. For pollination, planting 2-3 trees is required. The location is windless. It grows poorly on acidic soils and in places with close groundwater. From the age of 2-3 years, it is desirable to carry out pruning: remove shoots, form a stem (removal of lower branches), shorten the leader by transferring to a side branch, thin out the crown. Trees should be used up to 15 years.

Cherries. Interesting plant facts

A close relative of the cherry. Cherries are rightly called the sister of cherries, and in ancient times they were not even distinguished. Cherry gives a good early harvest of berries that perfectly quench thirst. It is grown in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, and Central Asia.

Among the best varieties are Exhibition, Nectar, Large-fruited, Dorogana yellow, Pink Mleevskaya, etc. Cherry is close to cherry in chemical composition, in particular, in the content of vitamins C and P (the highest is in dark-colored varieties), but it contains much more carbohydrates ( up to 18% is predominantly glucose). Dark red cherries provide a therapeutic dose of P-active compounds, for example in hypertension, already using 250-300 g of fruits.

Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.

Cherries. reference Information

Cherries appear at the beginning of summer. Can you tell them apart from cherries? Probably with difficulty.

The cherry fruit is light pink or red, black, sometimes white, almost transparent, slightly elongated and, most importantly, sweet. Cherries are smaller than cherries, dark red or almost black, round and sour. Sweet cherries usually ripen at the beginning of summer, cherries at the end.

Cherries and cherries are two different plants. Their similar fruits are often incorrectly referred to as berries. In reality, their fruits are drupes, since the fruit is juicy, but has one seed - a stone. There are many seeds in the berry.

Wild cherry grows in deciduous forests in the south of Ukraine, in Moldova, in the Crimea and in the Caucasus, where it reaches up to 35 meters in height. Cultivars grafted on cherry are 5-6 times lower. Sweet cherry was cultivated only in the south of Russia, mainly in the southern part of Ukraine.

Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, who set as the goal of his life the promotion of southern fruit trees to the north, became interested in sweet cherries. He bred varieties of sweet cherries "the first swallow" and "first-born", which began to grow and bear fruit in Michurinsk, that is, 600 kilometers north of the places where cherries usually grow.

After the death of I. V. Michurin, his students continued the work he had begun with cherries. Currently, more than 12 varieties of sweet cherries have been bred, bearing fruit near Leningrad. These varieties of sweet cherries bear fruit at different times, from late June to early September. Now you can have sweet cherries in Leningrad throughout the summer. Thus, the border of sweet cherry growth is advanced to the north by more than a thousand kilometers.

Author: Verzilin N.

Cherry (bird cherry), Prunus avium. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Cough treatment: cherries can be used to treat coughs. To do this, pour 1 tablespoon of cherries with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 10-15 minutes. The resulting infusion can be drunk several times a day.
• Treatment of heart disease: cherries can help in the treatment of heart disease. To do this, pour 1 tablespoon of cherries with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 10-15 minutes. The resulting infusion can be drunk several times a day.
• Treatment of liver diseases: cherries can help in the treatment of liver diseases. To do this, pour 1 tablespoon of cherries with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 10-15 minutes. The resulting infusion can be drunk several times a day.
• Treatment for insomnia: Cherries contain melatonin, which can help with insomnia. To do this, before going to bed, drink a glass of cherry juice or eat a few cherries.
• Treatment of colds: Cherries can help boost the immune system and fight off colds. To do this, you need to drink cherry juice or eat cherries.
• Arthritis treatment: Cherries contain antioxidants and anti-inflammatories that can help treat arthritis. To do this, you need to drink cherry juice or eat cherries.
• Treatment of urolithiasis: cherries can help in the treatment of urolithiasis. To do this, you need to drink cherry juice or eat cherries.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: mix cherry puree with 1 tablespoon of oatmeal and a little milk to make a thick paste. Apply the resulting mask on your face and leave for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This mask will help hydrate and nourish your skin.
• Body massage oil: mix cherry oil with jojoba oil and apply to the skin of the body, massaging it with light circular movements. This oil will help moisturize and nourish the skin, make it more elastic and reduce the appearance of wrinkles.
• Hair care product: mix cherry oil with coconut oil and apply to hair, leave for 30-40 minutes, then rinse with warm water and shampoo. This oil will help moisturize your hair, making it softer and shinier.
• Hand care product: mix cherry oil with jojoba oil and apply to the skin of the hands, massaging it with light circular movements. This oil will help moisturize and nourish the skin of the hands, making it softer and smoother.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Cherry (bird cherry), Prunus avium. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) is a fruit tree that can be grown both in the garden and in the summer cottage.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing cherries:

Cultivation:

• Choose a landing site that is in a sunny location and has protection from the winds.
• Prepare the soil by adding organic compost and sand if the soil is too clay or heavy.
• Plant cherry seedlings at a distance of about 4-5 meters from each other so that the trees can grow freely.
• Water the plants regularly for the first two years to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
• Fertilize plants sparingly, using fruit tree fertilizers.
• Prune trees every spring to form the correct crown and increase yields.

Workpiece:

• Harvest the cherries when they reach their maturity.
• Separate the fruit from the stem and other debris that may attach to it.
• Leave the cherry fruits in a ventilated place to dry.
• Select healthy, independent and mature fruits for further harvesting.

Storage:

• Store fresh cherries in a cool and dry place between 0 and 5°C.
• Store cherries in containers with tightly closed lids to avoid damage.
• Periodically check fruit for mold or rot and remove damaged fruit.

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